EE30

Question 1

parasitoids

Answer 1

an insect whose larvae live as parasites that eventually kill their host
10% of all species,many are wasps

Question 2

hyperparasitioids

Answer 2

organism that is a parasite on another parasite (high intimacy,high lethality)

Question 3

mummy hyperparasitoids

Answer 3

eat hyperparasitioids

Question 4

parasites

Answer 4

consume parts of the host but typically only one host per lifetime

Question 5

what do deviations from models show?

Answer 5

other important factors that may need to be considered
how nature=more important than models
“all models are wrong but some are useful”

Question 6

3 models tackled so far?

Answer 6

1) exponential growth
2) logistic model
3) lotka-volterra model

Question 7

what is the model WITH predators?

Answer 7

dN/dt =rN - aPN

r=intrinsic growth rate
a=search efficiency/attack rate
P=number of predators
N=prey

Question 8

what is a?

Answer 8

search efficiency/attack rate

Question 9

what is P?

Answer 9

number of predators

Question 10

what is r?

Answer 10

intrinsic growth rate

Question 11

what is the model for predators with NO PREY (starvation)?

Answer 11

DP/dt =-qP
dP/dt = caPN-qP

q=starvation rate
c=conservation rate
P=predators
N=prey

Question 12

what is q?

Answer 12

starvation rate

Question 13

what is c?

Answer 13

conservation rate

Question 14

what does lotka volterra model tend to produce? give 2 examples

Answer 14

coupled oscillations ie delayed density dependence
IN NATURE
1)lynx and horseshoe hare
2)indian meal moth and parasitoid

neutrally stable cycles where each disturbance initiates new set

Question 15

Is all cycling in lotka volterra models due to predator prey interactions?

Answer 15

no ie the indian meal moth cycles by itself as does the PIGV (virus) which partly depends on competition

Question 16

does the snowshoe hare have only one food source and predator?

Answer 16

no it has multiple food sources and predators (not just lynx ie coyote and red fox)

Question 17

are snowshoe hare pop dynamics more complex or simple than the lynx’s?

Answer 17

more complex

Question 18

does the lynx only eat horseshoe hares?

Answer 18

No it also eats red squirrels and grey squirrels but the snowshoe hare is its primary food source. It also has competition from other predators

BUT its population dynamics are simpler than the hares’ and it is mostly drivin by the snowshoe hares

Question 19

what are the wolves and moose on Isle Royle examples of?

Answer 19

predator-prey study by DURWARD ALLEN. could also be a cycle

Question 20

are cycles common in nature?

Answer 20

no they are rare- models are too simple

Question 21

How can you make lotka volterra models better?

Answer 21

add complexity to them

Question 22

if you add the fact some predators are more efficient to lotka volterra models what happens?

Answer 22

competition /interference dampens oscillations

Question 23

are type 2 functional responses destabilizing?

Answer 23

theoretically yes, but would need to have stronger effects than intraspecific competition

Question 24

can type 3 functional response be stabilising?

Answer 24

yes can stabilise dynamics (faster increases at low density with prey switching etc)

Question 25

what 3 things can stabilise pop dynamics?

Answer 25

aggregation
spatial structure
metapopulations