EE Lecture 1: Intro

Question 1

define evoln broadly

Answer 1

evoln is change in allele frequency over time -> descent with modification

Question 2

what were the main impediments to development of evoln in history

Answer 2

miscalculated age of earth
fixity of species
Great chain of Being

Question 3

what theories/evidence did Darwin use for evoln

Answer 3

artificial selection
biogeography
palaeontology
comparative anatomy
embryology

Question 4

what did alfred wallace conclude

Answer 4

species not fixed, but mutable

Question 5

what artificial selection evidence for evoln did Darwin find

Answer 5

selective breeding can transform a species
variation is important
small changes each gen = large changes through time
enviro is selective agent in natural selection

Question 6

what did Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon do

Answer 6

didnt think species could evolve into new species
suggested species can change to adapt to their enviro
early ideas about comparative anatomy and biogeography

Question 7

who was the first to suggest early ideas about comparative anatomy and biogeography

Answer 7

count george-louis leclerc de buffon

Question 8

what did georges cuvier propose

Answer 8

the theory of catastrophism

worldwide catastrophic events responsible for geological features that result in new creation events

Question 9

what is the theory of catastorphism

Answer 9

worldwide catastrophic events lead to new colonization

Question 10

who proposed the theory of catastrophism

Answer 10

georges curvier

Question 11

what did Lamarck propose

Answer 11

the theoru of inheritance of acquired characteristics

the nescks - orgs change activity to accommodate new enviro

Question 12

what was wrong with lamarcks theory

Answer 12

theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics-cant inherit autosomal traits that arent coded by genome

Question 13

after reading Malthus’ essay, what did Darwin conclude

Answer 13

more offspring are born than can survive to adulthood
competition for resources
variation within species

Question 14

how did darwin provide biogeographical evidence for evoln

Answer 14

noticed related orgs separated by geographic barriers - common ancestral pop divided bt barrier leads to subsequent divergence

Question 15

how did darwin provide palaeontological evidence for evoln

Answer 15

mining+canal building = fossil discoveries
showed change in species through time
eg,reduction of digits in horses

Question 16

give an example of fossil discoveries darwin found

Answer 16

reduction of digits in horses

Question 17

how did darwin use comparative anatomy to provide evidence for evoln

Answer 17

vestigial part

eg. ape coccyx and whale hind limbs

Question 18

what are vestigial parts

Answer 18

non functional structures inherited from an ancestor that needed them

Question 19

give an example of a vestigial part

Answer 19

ape coccyx

whale hind limbs

Question 20

what are vestigial parts an example of

Answer 20

comparative anatomy to provide evidence for evoln

Question 21

how did darwin use embryology to provide evidence for evoln

Answer 21

vestigial structures during development
eg. gill slits in humans
idea that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny

Question 22

what criticism did darwin face?

Answer 22

didnt know how inheritance worked or where variation came from

Question 23

what theory of inheritance did darwin believe in

Answer 23

blended inheritance in which offspring result from a random blending of parents attributes

Question 24

what was the problem with the theory of blended inheritance

Answer 24

it showed that evoln by NS couldnt work