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History A-level Tudors. > Edward VI 1547 - 1533 > Flashcards

Edward VI 1547 - 1533 Flashcards

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1
Q

When did King Edward VI become king?

A

At 9 years old on the 20th of February 1547.

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2
Q

Why was Edward’s coronation controversial?

A

The Archbishop delivered a sermon which undercut the whole service, Edward neither recognised or recorded that his coronation was a sustained attack on the church of England.

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3
Q

When did Edward die and what of?

A

Consumption at age 17

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4
Q

What does DRS stand for (inherited)

A

Debt, Religion, Stability (political)

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5
Q

What did Edward inherit from King Henry VIII’s reign?

A

DRS, Debt, Religion, Stability (political)

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6
Q

What Debt did Edward inherit from Henry?

A

Henry had spent lots of money on war with France and been to war 6 times which caused serious inflation.

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7
Q

What Religion (Religious issues) did Edward inherit from Henry?

A

Henry had changed the church to the church of England, catholic to protestant. However unsure how many people were nominal protestants, there was a religious divide over the protestant doctrine.

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8
Q

What Stability (political did Edward inherit from Henry?

A

The privy chamber had established itself and the administration of government was more efficient, meaning less lawlessness and the succession was secured. However the protestants had more power than the Catholics as 2 Catholics (Gardiner and Norfolk were written out of the will)

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9
Q

Who was Edward Seymour?

A

He managed to make himself Lord protector of Edward VI, which Henry didn’t want, because he didn’t want one man to have more power than any other of the men.

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10
Q

What were the 4 main problems with a minor ruling?

A
  • There were concerns it would create instability
  • He is not able to lead troops into war - other countries might exploit that weakness.
  • Fears England would return to a period of civil war. Greater increased by if factional struggles occurred, Edward couldn’t stop them.
  • It’s difficult to portray a 9 year old as a military adept, or powerful.
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11
Q

What caused tension between the rich and poor?

A

Some Economic decisions were made such as enclosure that caused tension between rich and poor as rich would benefit and not the poor, the poor wouldn’t have their basic needs.

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12
Q

What was Henry’s financial legacy?

A

Debasement - lead to inflation
Heavy expenditure
Borrowed money

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13
Q

What 3 things did somerset do?

A

Financial policy
Vagrancy act
Enclosure

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14
Q

What was the financial policy somerset implemented?

A 
Heavy military expenditure (Scotland)
Debasement continued (Full speed)
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15
Q

What was the vagrancy act somerset aimed to implement?

A

‘Slavery act’ 1547 - able bodied workers that had been out of work for three days were branded with a V (by a hot iron) and sold into slavery for 2 years.
Not put into action.

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16
Q

How did somerset feel about enclosure?

A

Keen supporter of anti-enclosure
An investigation into enclosure in the midlands led by John Hales
Proclamation issued against enclosure for grazing

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17
Q

What were the social and economic problems of food shortages?

A

following a poor harvest the price of a basket of food had risen. Meaning landowners who could produce surplus meant they could make great wealth to be made by demand and can ask for higher prices.

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18
Q

What was enclosure?

A

It meant fencing off the common land, merging small farms, evicting tenants and converting arable land (land suitable for growing crops) into pasture.

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19
Q

What economic problems did the rising population cause?

A

Employers were able to keep wages lower because more people wanted and needed jobs.

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20
Q

When was the Western rebellion and who was it lead by in which county?

A

6th June 1549, lead by Sir Humphrey Arundell and John Winslade, in Cornwall.

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21
Q

What were the trigger causes of the Western rebellion?

A

The act of uniformity.
William body’s support of Protestantism
Imposition of the new prayer book
At Whitsun the citizens of Sampford Courtenay in Devon rebelled when the new service was introduced.

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22
Q

Was there a list of complaints/articles from the Western rebellion?

A

Yes

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23
Q

What were some of the main complaints/articles from the Western rebellion?

A 
Wanted land as public property
Peasants aggrieved at act of uniformity
Wanted six articles in use
Church back to Catholicism
Wanted mass (church services) in latin
Lower rent for the common people
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24
Q

Where was the main base of the western rebellion?

A

Started in Bodmin but main base was in Sampford Courtenay

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25
Q

How did the local gentry react to the Western rebellion?

A

They lost control of counties, Hellier tried to suppress rebellion and violently killed.
Sir Peter Carew (leading gentleman) rode to fight against rebels, made it worse. He = protestant.
More tried unsuccessfully to calm rebels agreeing religion should remain same as in Henry VIII’s era.

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26
Q

How did the government react to the Western rebellion?

A

Originally wanted a peaceful solution and reacted slowly as already preoccupied with other economic issues. Sent Sir Peter Carew who was unsuccessful then replaced by Lord Russel who had a reputation for brutality. The rebel defences at Crediton were set fire to.

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27
Q

Was the western rebellion suppressed and if it was by who, how and when?

A

Lord Russell and army (part German and Italian mercenaries) sent up on 16th August, he lead army of 8000 men against rebels. Wealthy citizens helped rebels from gaining control of Exeter by providing a continual guard and resources, confrontations took place at Fenny bridges, Clyst st Mary and Clyst Heath, rebels pushed further back each time. Exeter relieved (6th August), gov reinforcements arrived.

28
Q

Was there any negotiation in the Western rebellion?

A

No. They were defeated at Sampford Courtenay on the 16th of August.

29
Q

Were there any punishments for the Western rebellion?

A

Arundell caught and taken to London with Winslade (Arundell originally escaped)
Russel killed 3,000 people
Gov acted illegally to execute remaining rebels.
Robert Welsh hung from church he was Vicar of

30
Q

When did the Kett’s rebellion start, who lead it and what county was it in?

A

Started 8th July 1549, lead by Robert Kett, and in Norwich (Wymondham and Attleborough)

31
Q

What were the trigger causes of the Kett’s rebellion?

A

Enclosure of land - angry at John Flowerdew, bought local abbey church and demolished part, tried to turn them against Kett but he became their leader, unsure of his involvment (either guilty or outlet of anger for a man with social ambition on fringes of the gentry)

32
Q

Was a list of complaints/ articles produced for the Kett’s rebellion?

A

Yes

33
Q

What were the list of complaints/articles for the Kett’s rebellion?

A

Society demanded a better educated and resident clergy.

they had religious and economic issues.

34
Q

Where was the Kett rebellion’s main base?

A

Started in Norfolk towns of Attleborough and Wymondham, where crowds broke down Enclosure fences as a drunken feast ‘overflowed’
Kett gathered 16,000 men in a short space of time, he then marched these men to Norwich and set up a camp on Mousehold heath. Then a massacre of rebels Dussindale just outside of Norwich.

35
Q

How did the local gentry react to the Kett’s rebellion?

A

Authorities paralysed as size and speed of rebels overpowered them
Norwich attempted to keep peaceful relations with rebellion, camped on Mousehold heath, to little effect.
Most of other gentry relatively powerless due to highly organised well established rebellion.

36
Q

How did the government react to the Kett’s rebellion?

A

Sent out force of 14,000 troops - defeated
21st June, Herald offered pardon to all those who dispersed - peaceful solution - Kett refused and when Herald ordered his sword bearer to arrest Kett, atmosphere grew ugly and Herald had to retreat.

37
Q

What was the governments peaceful solution to the Kett’s rebellion?

A

Solution promised to prohibit landlords from acting as farmers, reduce price of wool by a third and appoint commissioners to reform abuses.

38
Q

Were the rebels suppressed and if so by who, where and how?

A

It ended on the 27th of August when the rebels were defeated by an army under leadership of the Earl of Warwick, 12,000 men eventually defeated Kett outside Norwich, killing 3,000 men. Kett arrested.

39
Q

Was there any negotiation in the Kett’s rebellion?

A

No, not after the refusal of Northumbeland’s pardon. Their professional army battled the rebels until they were finally defeated on the 27th of August.

40
Q

Were there any punishments for the Kett’s rebellion?

A

Kett captured, kept in tower of London and hung for treason from walls of Norwhich castle on 7th December 1549, Northumbland dealt with rebels in accordance to the law and appear to have dealt with them leniently as there is only clear evidence of 49 executions.

41
Q

What was the main reason’s for unrest in 1549?

A
  • Socio - economic; population, prices and enclosure
  • Political; Somerset lacked political authority that divinely ordained monarch would have + unpopular policies could be changed easier.
  • Religion.
42
Q

What were the main reasons the Western rebellion took place?

A

Mainly unhappy about religious changes such as new prayer book, and socio-economic issues.

43
Q

What were the main reasons the Kett’s rebellion took place?

A

Mainly down to socio-economic issues but also had agricultural and religious diffuculties.

44
Q

How dangerous was the level of threat of the Western rebellion?

A

Only fairly dangerous as they lacked organisation, had a smaller force, no foreign support and the rebellion remained confined to the west country as they centred on Bodmin.

45
Q

How dangerous was the level of threat of the Kett’s rebellion?

A

Much more dangerous than the Western rebellion as they had a bigger force of men to start with, foreign support (1,500 foreign mercenaries), it was realistic and it spread across the whole of England even though it was very concentrated on East Anglia.

46
Q

What was the Edwardian reformation?

A

Edward making slow changes to the religion of the country as it went from Catholicism to full Protestantism.

47
Q

What did Edward do to start removing Catholicism?

A
  • Book of homilies and paraphrases - July 1547 (placed in every church)
  • Chantries act 4th November to 24th December 1547
  • Act of six articles repealed 4th November to 24th December 1547
  • Treason act repealed 4th November to 24th December 1547
48
Q

What was the Chantries act?

A

The dissolution of chantries so no one could pray to the dead.

49
Q

What did Edward do to start unofficial Protestantism?

A
  • Royal injunctions July 1547
  • Series of proclamations to dampen protestant unrest, Jan - March 1548
  • All images removed from churches Feb 11th 1548
  • Proclamation; only authorised clergy could preach 24th April 1548
  • Proclamation; no preaching until new liturgy introduced 23rd September 1548
50
Q

What were the Royal injunctions of July 1547?

A

English bible and protestant literature

51
Q

What ceremonial change did Edward make?

A
  • First prayer book (of common prayer’s) ceremony’s now in English, which upset the Cornish, December 1548
52
Q

What doctrinal changes did Edward make?

A
  • Act of uniformity, Jan 1549

- Parliament removed

53
Q

When was the second book of common prayer introduced?

A

January 1552

54
Q

What did the second book of common prayer do?

A

It was a highly protestant document that removed all traces of Catholicism.

55
Q

When was the second act of uniformity introduced?

A

April 1552

56
Q

What did the second act of uniformity do?

A

It was there to enforce the second book of common prayer and made it an offence for clergy and litany not to attend church of England services.

57
Q

What was the ‘black rubic’ proclamation of November 1552?

A

It explained that kneeling to receive communion was for sake of good order not out of idolatry

58
Q

When did Edward die?

A

6th July 1553

59
Q

What 7 religious reforms did Somerset make before Northumberland took over?

A

1) Book of Homilies - suggested sermons
2) Chantries act - dissolution of chantries, no longer allowed to pray for dead
3) Act of 6 articles repealed - what Henry had put in before he had died
4) Treason act repealed - people can talk freely about religion
5) Catholic Images to be removed - royal visitation.
6) Book of common prayer
7) Act of uniformity

60
Q

what were the main events that happened between 1547 and 1553 which transformed England from catholic to protestant?

A

1547 - attack on Catholicism - homilies, chantries and treason act
1548 - lack of official doctrine, but a period of uncontrolled radical protestant activity, treason act
1549 to 52 - the establishment of protestant worship (now under control of Northumberland who is john Dudley is Warwick)
1553 - Establishment of a fully reformed church (legally protestant)

61
Q

Who was the head of a roman catholic church compared to a protestant church?

A

The roman catholic head was the pope whereas the head of the protestant church was the local head - not the pope (King)

62
Q

What were the services of the roman catholic church compared to a protestant church?

A

Services in a roman catholic church were done in Latin and mass whereas services in a protestant church were in their own language (English)

63
Q

What was the decoration of a roman catholic church compared to a protestant church like?

A

Decoration in a roman catholic church was luxurious and extravagant to show the majesty of god whereas in a protestant church it was simple with no ornaments as they believed anything extravagant would distract from the main reason of being there

64
Q

What were the priests/robes like in a roman catholic church in comparison to a protestant church?

A

In a roman catholic church the priests/robes are richly decorated purgatory whereas in a protestant church the priests/robes were not there, they didn’t need a priest or bishop to believe in god and there was no purgatory.

65
Q

What happened to Edward in Jan 1553 and what happened to cause his death?

A

Fell ill in late Jan 1553 with chest infection - TB (consumption)
There was no immediate threat to succession, in April signs of improvement and meant to be fully recovered by May.
In late May he suffered a relapse contracting septicaemia, survived through June but died 6th July.

66
Q

Why was Edwards death kept secret to begin with?

A

He didn’t want anything to jeopardise the future of a protestant country, kept secret even from sisters as Mary was next in line and she was catholic, some also worried about Northumberland gaining power.

History A-level Tudors. (8 decks)

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