educational reforms Flashcards
1870 forster education act
created state education system - primary schools opened
1944 butler education act
tripartite system
11+ exam used to decide which school a child goes to
1965
comprehensive secondary schools replace tripartite system
catchment areas replace 11+ exams
1988 education reform act
conservative gov
marketised edu: formula funding, open enrolment, OFSTED, SATs, GCSEs, league tables
1997 - new labour gov
new labour gov continued to marketise edu:
created uni fees, specialist schools, state schools, city academies
also created policies to decrease social inequality:
curriculum 2000, EMA, extended schools, EAZ
privatisation and globalisation of edu began
2010
coalition and cons gov continued to marketise edu:
free schools, academies, increasing tuition fees
forster edu act criticism
success still depended on ascribed status - m/c children sent to fee paying grammar schools where they received academic curriculum for professional careers while w/c were sent to elementary schools where they only learnt basic skills needed for factory work
butler edu act - tripartite system criticism
parity of esteem - didn’t exist between schools in tripartite system - parents, teachers and students saw grammar schools as superior - could mean that some parent, teachers and students saw themselves as failures if they weren’t in grammar schools
comprehensive edu criticism
catchment areas tend to be class based so comprehensives didn’t break down class barriers
creates myth of meritocracy - legitimates social inequality - makes it seem as if all students have same chance to succeed but some will always have an advantage
criticism of marketisation
bartlett - cream skimming and silt shifting
gillborn and youdell - A-C economy and educational triage
ball - myth of parentocracy
privatisation of edu - public private partnership
PPP - public companies finance design, build and management of facilities of school
criticism - ball - very profitable for private companies, but local authorities have to enter such contracts due to lack of funding for schools from gov
privatisation of edu - cola-isation of edu
private sector entering edu system indirectly - private companies target schools as they can confer legitimacy to their products - if children see something at school they believe it must be good for them
criticism - ball - benefits to students are limited - e.g - cadbury’s sports equipment promotion would’ve required students to each over 5000 chocolates to win a set of goalposts - initiatives are profit motivated
globalisation of edu
foreign owned corporations own and run aspects of british state edu - many private companies in ESI are foreign owned
criticism - ball - some pearson GCSE exams are marked by examiners in australia and USA, when schools buy educational software, companies are actually owned by TNCs which generates profit for the TNC
