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Sociology > Educational Policies > Flashcards

Educational Policies Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Aims of educational policies

A
  1. Economic efficiency - develop talents and skills to be used by workforce of Britain
  2. Raising educational standards
  3. Create equality of educational opportunity - everyone has same chance to develop and earn qualifications
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2
Q

Timeline of policies

A

Pre industrial no state schools only rich could afford to go school (fee)

Industrialisation ( Forster education act) made school compulsory for ages 5-13

1944 - butler act tripartite system

1965 - comprehensive school

1976 - great debate

1979 Vocational education

1988 reform act

1997 new labour

2010 coalition government

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3
Q

1944

A

Butler act - introduction of free, compulsory secondary education.

Use of tripartite system (based on meritocracy)
Have to sit 11+ exam

1) grammar school (m/c superior, most academically able)
2. Secondary modern (inferior)
3. Technical (vocational)

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4
Q

Aims of 1944

A
  • create parity of esteem
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5
Q

Criticsm of 1944

A
  • reproduced social class differences (m/c done better in exams due to tutor, w/c deprived etc) use of elaborate code
  • damaged self esteem leading to self fulfilling prophecy
  • no parity of esteem (secondary inferior)
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6
Q

1965

A

Labour government

Comprehensive education

11+ exam abolished. Schooling based on catchment area. Everyone attends regardless of ability/class.

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7
Q

Aims of 1965

A

Cultural rub off

Lower gap of inequalities

Fair opportunity to everyone as access to same resources, teachers, facilities etc

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8
Q

Criticsm of 1965

A

Individual talents overlooked with high flyers being held back by lower ability students

Reproduced social class ( catchment area, w/c to w/c schools) - undermines cultural rub off

Streaming reproduced inequalities (m/c more likely to be in higher bands)

M/c could still afford private educations

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9
Q

1976

A

The great debate by Callaghan

Identified ‘skill crisis’ education system was not equipping young people with skills needed by businesses and whether it met the demands of the economy to be able to compete in a global level

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10
Q

1979

A

Conservative government (thatcher)

New vocational and training in response to skill crisis

  • work experience to ease transition from school to work
  • expansion of post 16 education and training
  • stronger emphasis on ICT skills making it part of national curriculum
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11
Q

Aims of 1979

A
  • produce flexible and qualified labour force to meet needs of employers
  • tackle unemployment amongst 16-24 yrs old

End status division between academic and vocational education

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12
Q

Criticsm of 1979

A
  • work experience seen as tedious, boring and repetitive
  • VE seen as inferior
  • source of cheap labour

Birdwell et al - schools neglect vocational aspirations and focus on brighter children destined to go higher education

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13
Q

1988 - marketisation

A

Process where education / health have less/no control by government and become subject to free market forces of supply and demand based on competition and consumer choice

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14
Q

Aims of 1988

A

Reform act - marketisation is central theme.

Improves educational standard

Increases choice

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15
Q

Policies introduced because of marketisation

A
  • OFSTED
  • league tables
  • formula funding (schools receive same amount of funding)
  • open rolement
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16
Q

Parentocracy

A

Brown - Child’s education is dependent upon wealth and wishes of parents rather than ability/efforts of pupil.

17
Q

Why is parentocracy is a myth

A

Makes inequality appear fair and inevitable

M/c parents know system better and take advantage of choices

18
Q

Criticsm of 1988

A

Forced more on able students because of competition

League tables changed and argued not valid

Creaming allows covert selection of the most able pupils dissuade poorer parents from applying

Parentocracy is a myth - m/c parents have links. Know better of the educational system easier access.

Tough and brooks - m/c parents choose schools based on performance w/c based on catchement area

19
Q

1997

A

New labour
Compensatory educational policies - extra educational help to those of disadvantaged groups to overcome disadvantages they face in education

20
Q

Aims of 1997

A

Improve material and social deprivation

Increased opportunity regardless of social class and ethnicity

21
Q

Policies of 1997

A

Policies:

EMA(education maintenance allowances) - payments to students of low income backgrounds to encourage them to stay after national school age to gain better qualifications

Sure start (provided advice and supports for parents

Maximum class size of 30

Introduce tuition fees

22
Q

Criticism of 1997

A

Tuition fee contradicted policy (deter)

23
Q

2010

A

Coalition government liberation democrat

Influenced by neoliberal and new right about reducing role of state

Cuts made to education budget as part of the governments general policy of reducing state spending

24
Q

Policies of 2010

A

Free school meals

Pupil premium (money schools received for eAch pupil from disadvantaged background)

Become academies (given control of budget)

Free schools (set up and run by parents teachers business rather than local authority)

25
Q

Aims of 2010

A

Encourage competition and innovation

Improve educational standards - making it rigorous and demanding

26
Q

Criticisms of 2010

A

EMA (education maintenance allowance) was abolished (repay putting them into more debt)

Tuition fees tripled

27
Q

Privatisation

A

Services that were once owned and provided by the state are transferred to private companies

Key factor in shaping educational policy

28
Q

Two types of privatisation

A

Endogenous: privatisation within the education system as schools begin to operate more like private businesses

E.g competition between students
Performance related pay for teachers
Parental choice

Exogenous: private businesses design and manage aspects of education that were formerly ran by the state

E.g building schools
Supply teachers
running exams system (Pearson)

29
Q

For/against privatisation

A

Advantages More consumer choice
Business like and efficient schools

Disadvantages
Money may be drained
Making money override needs of children
Cherry picking profit ‘choose best schools’

30
Q

Three selections of education

A
  1. Ability- grammar schools
  2. aptitude- potential to be good at certain subject (specialist schools)
  3. Religion
31
Q

Globalisation

A

Growing inter connectedness of societies across the world

E.g. Culture, consumer goods, economic interests

32
Q

Use of globalisation

A

Make economy competitive (technological advancements)

Increase immigration (target those academically abled to improve status as school)

Educational ideas are shared between nations.

Sociology (15 decks)

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