educational Flashcards
what is educational assessment?
Three points:
- evaluation is an essential task of education
- in the past,education assessment referred to the assessment of students by teachers
- the education assessment also assess teachers, institutions, programs and the overall educational system.
what does assessment refer to?
assessment refers to the process of interpreting evidence.
what does evaluation refer to?
evaluation refers to the process of making a valued judgement
What did Tyler 1950 say about the definition of students achievement?
“Process to determine to what extent educational objectives have been achieved” (Tyler, 1950, 1970)
how did Greenland define students achievement?
“Systematic process of collecting, analyzing and interpreting information to determine the extent to which students have achieved the instructional objectives”
how do you determine the merit or value of programmes? Shufflebeam and Skinkfield 1987
Systematic, planned, directed and performed process in order to help a client group judging and / or improve the value and / or merit of an object.
what are two definition of decision making;
Cronbach (1963) "Process of collection and use of information to decision making" o Miguel (2000): "A systematic process of finding evidence to make value judgments that guide decision making"
what are two definitions of methodology?
Berk (1981): “It is the application of scientific method to collect reliable and valid information needed to decision making about an educational program”
o García Llamas (1995): “The process of identification, collection and data processing for information to justify a particular decision”
how are students assessed?
Learning, attitudes and values, progress, results, skills, context
how are teachers assessed?
General training, knowledge, teaching practice, student performance …
how are politics, programs and whole educational systems assessed?
students performance
what challenges do some psychologists face?
- Behavior problems (e.g.aggressiveness; social inhibition; anxiety; selfesteem problems…).
- Children with special education needs (SEN)
- AttentionDeficit/Hyperactivity
- Disorder (ADHD). Learning disabilities.
how are children usually assessed?
is more likely to use observation, overt behavior and external or environmental determinants:
what are some problems with observation?
Observed person ́s reactivity.
Observer bias.
Disagreement among observers.
when observing children, how do psychologist observe overt behaviour?
questions are asked such as,
- How often throws things down?
- How many times it is raised off the desk?
questions are also asked about the intensity and duration of the behaviour.
what is the role of educational psychologists?
Educational Psychologist is “the professional whose work is reflection and intervention on human behavior in educational situations, by developing the skills of individuals, groups and institutions” (General Council COPs, 2009).
what are the two major objectives of psychologists in educational institutions?
1) To provide a psychological analysis of different situations (assessment);
• 2) Propose action plans (intervention).
what is the aim of psychological assessment when preventing and diagnosing?
• 1) Prevention and detection of mental health problems, treatment or referral of
cases (depending on the nature and severity of diagnosis),
• 2)Early detection and diagnosiss o developmental disorders;
• 3) The diagnosis of intellectual disabilities (mental retardation), intellectual giftedness and high abilities;
• 4)The diagnosis of personality, behaviour ,emotions disorders…
• 5)Detection of special education needs and specific learning disorders…
what role do psychologists have in educational institutions (related to teachers)
1) Diagnostic information.
o2) Advice/Counselling and collaboration. o3) Training.
o4) Research
what role do psychologists have in educational institutions (related to parents)
diagnostic information and advice
training
intervention
what is psychoeducational assessment?
“Data collection, analysis and assessment of relevant information on the different elements involved in the process of teaching and learning, to identify the educational needs of students that present or may present mismatches in their personal/academic development, and to support and concrete decisions regarding the proposed curriculum and the type of aid that those may need to progress in the development of different skills“.
what is the purpose of psychoeducational assessment?
The purpose of the psychoeducational assessment is to encourage decisions that translate into feasible measures that teachers can implement to promote progress of the special needs student and, by extension, of their classmates.
The information provided by the assessment can and should be used to improve overall educational practices.
what is the phenomenological approach?
Emphasizes the subjective perception of the world and the consideration of individual as a whole
