book questions

Question 1

The first attempts to understand human behaviour, take us back to the Greek philosophers. Which of the following statements on the subject is inaccurate?

a) Handling of health and illness took into consideration biological, psychological and social influences, that is, through a holistic approach
b) The importance of talking and using logic to influence both emotional and behavioural problems was pointed about by Plato
c) Moreover, Plato was also a defender of the university of moral principles and as so, is considered the precurser of Moral Psychology.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The increasing emphasis on scinetific observation and experimentation during the 16th and 17th century:

a) Overshadowed the idea of relation between diseases and spiritual matters from the middle ages.
b) Led to the contribution of Descartes’ Dualism, seperating mind and body in opposition to Aquinas mindset
c) All of the above are accurate

Answer 2

C

Question 3

During the 1700s and 1800s we find people who fought for people with mental illness to be treated with respect and care. Which of the following statements is true to facts?

a) Dorothea dix was inspired to make a change in the life and treatment of the mentally ill after having worked at a jail where many inmates were not delinquents but ill.
b) William Tuke focused on involving patients in the decisions regarding their treatment and focusing mostly on strengths rather than weaknesses.
c) Both a and b are true facts

Answer 3

A

Question 4

During the mid 18th century and beginning of the 19th, which od the following individuals linked to hypnosis to hysteria matching stages between the two?

a) Claude Bernarde 1813 - 1878
b) Franz Mesmer 1733 - 1815
c) Jean Martin Charcot 1825 - 1893

Answer 4

C

Question 5

Regarding the psychometric approach during the 19th, which of the following answers does not match reality?
a) Binet and Simon in France developed the first test to compare mental age to chronological age

b) Mckeen Catell used the term test mental to refer to a battery of tests measuring reaction time, ideology and cultural knowledge.
c) Galton drew the line between Nature and Nurture, fixing point for a debate that is still alive and up to date.

Answer 5

B

Question 6

In terms of the standards related to assessment, Which of the following answers is accurate?

a) Test data refers to an effort to protect the security and integrity of the test materials used during the assessment process
b) Any raw data such as notes made by the psychologist are guarded under the standard of test security
c) both statements are false

Answer 6

C

Question 7

In terms of the standards related to assessment, which of the following answers is accurate?

a) a written informed consent must be obtained only before carrying out assesments
b) a written and oral informed consent must be obtained before carrying out assessments, evaluations or diagnostic services except in some cases in which testing is mandated by a superior institutions such as law or goverment, educational organisations
c) written informed consent must not be necessary if you have an oral agreement of your patient

Answer 7

C

Question 8

Tarasoffs case

a) is a fictional case with learning purposes
b) is a real case which involves a homicide
c) appoints Dr Moore is not responsible for what happened

Answer 8

B

Question 9

The european federation of psychologists association

a) was foundedin 1995 and developed its first meta-code in 1981
b) its meta code consists of three sections`: preamble, ethical principles and cultural differences in ethics
c) none of the above are true facts

Answer 9

C

Question 10

The colegio oficial de psicologos created in 1987 the codio deontologico

a) Is unbased on the EFPA’s meta code
b) It aspires to regulate psychologists conduct in their professional practice
c) Has not been revised since its creation

Answer 10

B

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding the Nuremberg Code is false?

a) It constitutes the first precedent of international relevance on research ethics.
b) It arouse following the doctors trials after world war II
c) It is made up of twenty points

Answer 11

C

Question 12

The doctor trials in Nuermberg:
a) Were held in order to judge the health practioners that carried out experiemets with war prisoners in the concentration camps.

b) Led to the creation of the hippocratic oath (modern version)
c) All of the above are accurate

Answer 12

A

Question 13

The first ethical code in the psychological field is:

a) The APAs ethic code
b) The EFPA’s Meta code
c) The spanish deontological code

Answer 13

A

Question 14

The APA’s ethical code features two distinct sections: general principles and ethical standards. Points out the untrue statement:

a) The general principles work towards the development of an ideal conduct
b) If an ethical standard is violated, it can lead to a charge of bad conduct
c) The five ethical standards are integrity, justice, respect for rights and dignity, beneficence and non - maleficence

Answer 14

C

Question 15

Integrity refers to the fact that

a) Psychologists are aware of and respect cultural, individual and role differences, including those based on age, gender identity, race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, language and socioeconomic status adn consider these factors when working with members of such groups.
b) Psychologists strive to keep their promises and avoid unwise or unclear commitments.
c) Psychologists uphold professional standards of conduct, clarify their proffessional roles and obligations, accept appropiate responsibility for their behaviour and seek to manage conflicts of interest that could lead to explotation or harm.

Answer 15

B

Question 16

In terms of the standards related to assessment. Which of the following answers is accurate?

a) Test data refers to an effort to protect the security and integrity of the test materials used during the assessment process.
b) Any raw data such as notes made by the psychologist are guarded under the standard of test security
c) Both statements are false

Answer 16

C

Question 17

In terms of the standards related to assessment. Which of the following answers is accutate?

a) A written informed consent must be obtained only before carrying ot assessments
b) A written and oral informed consent must be obtained before carrying out assessments, evalutations or diagnostic servicees except in some cases in which testing is mandated by a superior institutions such as law or goverment, educational organisations
c) Written informed consent must not be necessary if you have an oral agreement with your patient

Answer 17

C

Question 18

Tarasoff’s case

a) Is fictional case with learning purposes
b) Is a real case which involves a homicide
c) Appoints Dr. moore is not responsible for what happened

Answer 18

B

Question 19

The european federation of psychologists assosiation

a) was founded in 1995 and developed its first meta code in 1981
b) Its meta code consists of three sections: preamble, ethical principles and cultural differences in ethics
c) none of the above are true facts

Answer 19

C

Question 20

The Colegio oficial de psicologos created in 1987 the codigo deontologico

a) Is unbased on the EFPA’s meta code
b) It aspires to regulate psychologists conduct in their professional practice
c) Has not been revised since creation

Answer 20

B

Question 21

From the following statements, which one does NOT fit Ballesteros’ (2011) model of the clinical assessment process?

a) The appraisal evaluate approach stage includes the development of an intervention plan
b) During the destructive predictive approach stage the hypothesis are formulated and corrobated
c) All the previous answers are false

Answer 21

c

Question 22

Based on Munoz’s 2003 model of the process of clinical assessment, which of the following options is false?

a) consideration of theoretical psychopathological models falls into the diagnosis axis
b) The axis develop seperately and in different moments in time without overlapping
c) Detecting possible cases of psychological disorders is transversal throughout the process

Answer 22

b

Question 23

When the same results are obtained by a same techinque even though applied by different professionals, what type of reliability are we measuring?

a) interrater reliability
b) retesting reliability
c) Administrator - dependant reliability

Answer 23

a

Question 24

If a technique has discriminant validitiy it means that

a) It properly represents the measure goal
b) It doesnt correlate with techniques different measuring constructs
c) It does correlated with techniques measuring the same construct

Answer 24

b

Question 25

The quality with which (in probalisitic notions) a specific task or strategy is right when it states that a person has or lacks a mental disorder is known as criteria validity; and is operatively defined by:

a) Sensitivity and specifitivy
b) True positives and true negatives
c) All the answers above are accurate

Answer 25

c

Question 26

What assessment techniques are used in the first clinical session:

a) administration interview and SCL - 90 - R
b) Intake interview and brief MSE
c) Brief MSE and SCL - 90 - R

Answer 26

b

Question 27

Which of the following options is accurate in terms of clinical demand and aim of assesment match?

a) assessment always leads to the design of a treatement plan
b) Diagnosis as a goal is related to the creation of a report
c) Assessment is a general, goal independant process

Answer 27

b

Question 28

The long form of the mental status examination should be applied during:

a) Triangulationas a validation technique
b) First session alongside the intake interview
c) Second or third session alongside the standard clinical interview

Answer 28

c

Question 29

The case formulation is made with the information:
a) Diagnosis and the list of problems

b) Wth the symptoms of the diagnosis
c) With the functional analysis of each problem

Answer 29

c

Question 30

The functional hypothesis are referred to:

a) The diagnosis
b) Coming from the case formulation and are needed to plan the treatment
c) both are false

Answer 30

b

Question 31

Which of the following statements is not accurate regarding the first contact interview:

a) first contact may not be with the patients itself
b) refers to the first face to face
c) urgency is to be considered

Answer 31

b

Question 32

During the first contact (no face to face) interview, questions should be:

a) direct but in a warm and polite style
b) only few questions are asked. It id only an appointment scheduling
c) only basics and undirective

Answer 32

c

Question 33

Point out the true fact about intake interviews:

a) it is only carried out when the goal of assessment is treatment
b) cognitive functioning is sometimes assessed applying the brief form of SM-MSE
c) It is during which the MSE long form is applied

Answer 33

b

Question 34

Does the intake interview you are advised to take a quieting approach. what does this mean?

a) To make sure the patients remain quiet and pays attention while the therapist explains the methodology of assessment
b) to stay quiet and act as seperate and external figure to the assessment
c) none of the above describe the quieting approach properly

Answer 34

c

Question 35

The standard clinical interview

a) also known as biographical interview and covers areas such as developmental and educational history
b) dependant on the therapists natural skills and ability to discriminate the relevant information
c) both answers are accurate

Answer 35

c

Question 36

Regarding ways to display the information gathered during the biographical interview, which of the following statements is false?

a) in life lines, positive and negative memories are diffeerentiated by placing them either above or below the line
b) my life as a book, patients usually define closing and opeing of chapters with change of age
c) in family trees, the thickness of the line between family members represents the quality of the relationship

Answer 36

b

Question 37

Point out which of the following is not a disadvantage of diagnostic interviews:

a) length
b) personal intrusion
c) inhibition of rapport foundation

Answer 37

b

Question 38

which of the following statements is not accurate regarding the crisis interview:

a) it grasps both assessment and intervention
b) a directive attitude in a calming style is recommended
c) none of the previous answers are true

Answer 38

c

Question 39

the exit interview

a) is carried out either at the end of assessment of the end of treatment
b) after the assessment in the exit interview the therapist confirm with the patient the information gathered during the assessment showing the case formulation
c) all the above are correct

Answer 39

c

Question 40

which of the following group skills should be constant throughout?

a) respect, trust and search for admiration
b) empathy, warmth and directivity
c) interest, careful and empathy

Answer 40

c

Question 41

General screening techniques are used:

a) at the beginning of the process to assess specific disorders
b) at the beginning of the process to assess a high range of disorders
c) at the end of the assessment to validate the diagnosis hypothesis

Answer 41

b

Question 42

sensitivity of an assessment technique is related to

a) the percentage of people without disorders who are identified correctly
b) the percentage of people with disorders that are classified correctly
c) both answers are false

Answer 42

b

Question 43

running out of work is considered a stressful event that

a) the 90% of people who suffer it develops a mental disorder
b) increase the probability in a 90% of suffering a mental disorder
c) increase the probability between 80% - 90% of suffering a mental disorder

Answer 43

c

Question 44

the mental state examination (MSE) is considered:

a) a general screening technique albeit is a more structured observation than ad libitum
b) a general screening technique is applied to validated diagnosis hypothesis
c) a specific screening technique to use during the triangulation

Answer 44

a

Question 45

Pomerantz 2011 states that MSE is

a) a good tool to diagnosis a disorder
b) a reliable observational tool to be used at the beginning of the process assessment
c) due to each observer might ask different questions and observe in different ways it should be used as a flexible and brief tool of screening without a diagnosis value

Answer 45

c

Question 46

The first level detection is carried out:

a) at beginning of the assessment to detect a specific disorder
b) at the beginning of the assessment to detect if the person present or not a disorder
c) a and b are false

Answer 46

b

Question 47

specific screening techniques

a) are questionnaires such as the BASIS - 32 or LSB - 50
b) are applied sooner in the process as first level detectors
c) both answers are false

Answer 47

c

Question 48

the difference between specific screening techniques and specific questionnaires is

a) there is no difference, both terms refer to the same
b) the former measures severity, the later presence
c) specific screeners assess existence, whereas in questionnaires prescence has already been confirmed previously

Answer 48

c

Question 49

The ad libitum observation could be considered:

a) a general screening technique
b) a specific screening technique
c) depending on the stage of the process we apply it, may be considered general or specific screening technique

Answer 49

a

Question 50

detection of mental disorders using screening techniques usually takes on the following disorder

a) from a wide range of disorders to more concrete disorders, narrowing the scope
b) general screening techniques during the first stages of the process and specific ones normally applied to validate the hypothesis
c) both answers are correct

Answer 50

c

Question 51

In the first level of detection:

a) we detect the type of disorder the person suffers from by applying specific screening questionnaires
b) we detect if the person suffers or not from disorder by applying general screening techniques
c) we detect if the person suffers from a disorder by applying a diagnosis technique

Answer 51

b

Question 52

specific screening techniques are used when

a) we need confirmation of the absence or prescence of a particular disorder
b) we want to know whether a person suffers from one of more different disorders
c) we want to know the specific characteristics or the severity of a disorder a person suffers from

Answer 52

a

Question 53

a patient comes to your office complaining about feeling down often during the day. you find out he is depressed and you want to know more information such as how many times he feels down, for how long, what he is doing and where he is when it happens, with how many people, how deep is the feeling etc. you decide to give him instructions for him to observe this behaviour and fill out the information.

this is a:

a) specific screening technique
b) specific technique
c) general screening technique

Answer 53

b

Question 54

the DSM IV

a) was published in 2003 and it is a multiaxial assessment system
b) was published in 1994 after 6 years of research that led to a multiaxial assessment system composed for six axes
c) was published in 1994 after a 6 years of research that led to a multiaxial assessment system composed for five axis

Answer 54

c

Question 55

according to wakefields theory, to understand whether a certain behaviour is abnormal or not:

a) it is only important to look at how detrimental or non adaptive it is for the persons life no matter the context
b) one must look at how that behaviour is seen in the social context and culture where the person comes from. even if a behaviour is detrimental, it is not considered abnormal if it is approved or common in a particular society
c) both a and b are incorrect

Answer 55

c

Question 56

reaching a specific diagnosis:

a) is not always necessary, it will depend on the particular case abd problem. however, it is always required when a report is written at the end of the assessment
b) is a crucial and necessary part of the assessment process
c) it is only required when a report is written at the end of the assessment

Answer 56

a

Question 57

what skills must a psychologist develop to be able to carry out a diagnosis?

a) there are no specific skills required since all evaluation tools come with specific and easy to follow instructions and always give you a specific diagnosis
b) the psychologist must know how to identify, gather and the intergrate all the relevant information, chose the appropate techniques , must have deep knowledge of the diagnosis critera and keep up to date with new discoveries and he must be able to properly explain the diagnosis and prognosis
c) the psychologist must now how to gather all necessary information, choosing the most appropiate techniques for each particular case and also how to interpret the results according to the diagnosis criteria. It is not necessary for the psychogist to know how to properly communicate these results since another psychologist with these skills can do it.

Answer 57

b

Question 58

diagnostic techniques are

a) these techniques which give you a DSM or CIE diagnosis without the need to apply any other technique
b) those techniques which tell you potental disease indicators
c) those techniques which indicates suspicion of a disease, but need confirmaton from other tests

Answer 58

a

Question 59

Thw MMPI is a

a) general screening questionnaire
b) specific questionnaire
c) specific screening questionnaire

Answer 59

b

Question 60

the same questionnaires can be applied

a) as an open technique at the beginning of the assessment
b) as a structured technique to validate the diagnosis hypothesis
c) the same questionnaires some of them are applied at the beginning of the assessment working as general screening techniques, others as specific screening or specific techniques

Answer 60

c

Question 61

The term problem refers to:

a) a diagnosis
b) an overt sypmtom or difficulty experienced by the patient in a particular area of his/her life
c) an overt or covert, measurable or non-measurable difficulty experienced by the patient

Answer 61

b

Question 62

treatment should be focused:

a) only on those varables that are easily modifiable
b) on the modification of variables that will greatly improve patients quality of life whether the change is difficult or straightforward
c) on those variables which modification will be as effortless as possible and will bring the greates improveent to the patients quality of life

Answer 62

c

Question 63

select the CORRECT statement

a) indirect functional analysis involved manipulation the enviroment to test the hypothesis of the maintenence of a problem behaviour
b) descriptive functional analysis involves the systematic observatio of a problem behaviour
c) experimental functional analysis involves interviewing the patient to discover the antecedents and consequences of a proble behaviour

Answer 63

b

Question 64

according to teachman and clerkin 2010, the seven steps for an effective CF follow this order
a) create a problem list, assign a DSM diagnosis, apply an empirically supported nomothetic formulation, select a primary diagnosis, intergrate individual patient consequences, consider antecendents for the current onsent of the illness and hypothesis about the mechansisms that maintain the disorder

b) create a problem list, assign a DSM diagnosis, select a primary diagnosis apply an empirically supported nomothetic formulation, integrate individual patient characteristics, hypothesise about mechanisms maintaining the disorder and consider antecedents for the current onset of the illness.
c) create a problem list, integrate individual patient characteristics, hypothesise about mechanisms maintaining the disorder, assign a DSM diagnosis, select a primary diagnosis, consider antecedents for the current onset of the illness and apply an empirically supported nomothetic formulation.

Answer 64

b

Question 65

select the FALSE statement:

a) there is only one appropiate CF for each case, and he efforts of the therapist should go towards discovering it
b) a CF is a dynamic and continual process
c) A CF complies, organises and integrates all relevant information about a patient

Answer 65

a

Question 66

Haynes FACCM

a) doesnt allow for a mathemetical estimation of the relationships between variables
b) Integrates information gathered during assessment to draw a psychological explanation of the patients problems and helps develop a plan for therapy
c) uses similar cases to help select a diagnosis and treatment plan for your patient

Answer 66

b

Question 67

In which CF model is the therapise viewed as an active problem solver?

a) Haynes model
b) Nezu and Nezu’s model
c) Munoz’s model

Answer 67

b

Question 68

Haynes and O’brien (2000) talk about three problems the therapist has to solve. Which of these is not one of them?

a) identifying the patients problems and determining whether intervention is or not possible
b) determining intervention goals
c) making sure the patient follows every treatment step as established

Answer 68

c

Question 69

Haynes model includes:

a) the modifiability of casual variables
b) the strength and direction of casual and non-casual functional relations
c) all of the above are correct

Answer 69

c

Question 70

the difference between FA and the CF is that:

a) the FA deals with the relationship between different problems, while the CF involves an analysis of what led up to a particular problem
b) The FA analyses the antecedents and consequences of a particular problem behaviour whereas the CF deals with the relationship between various problems
c) the FA helps predict the patients future behaviour, while CF only looks at the aetiology of particular behaviours

Answer 70

b

Question 71

Point out which of the following statements in relation to the concept of disability and the assessment of which is true

a) The classical definition of disability referring to the consequences of rare or degenerative diseases has progressively extended to also include hearing, physical, intellectual and visual disability
b) In assessment, the disability always is, or is closely related to, the reason for consultation
c) all of the above are false

Answer 71

c

Question 72

The internatinal classification of functioning, disability and Health (icf)

a) understands that a health condition may impact the patients functioning in three unconnected areas
b) the three areas that may be impacted are: body, movement, participation
c) the impact in these areas may refer to problems or alternation in body function or structure, limitation in carryng out activities, an restricted social life involvement

Answer 72

c

Question 73

disability and functioning are viewed as outcomes of interactions between health conditions and contextual factors

a) situational factors (for example, social attitudes and architecturall characteristics) an personal factors (which include gender, age, coping styles)
b) enviromental factors (for example legal and social structures, as well as climate, terrain and so fourth) and personal factors (motivation, self esteem and other factors that influence how disability is experienced by the individual)
c) enviromental factors (for example, social attitudes, legal and social structures) and human factors (social background, education, proffession, past and current experience)

Answer 73

b

Question 74

In terms of the ethical principles and standards with a direct implication to the assessments in the context of disability

a) there is a specialised code of conduct for this area
b) respect, discrimination and competence are the main subjects referred to

c) all of the above are accurate

Answer 74

b

Question 75

Olga is a woman with physical disability due to paraplegia for seven years. she comes to psychological consultation because she feels sad and hopeless following a recent breakup. The psychologist decides to evaluate depressive symptomatology through the BDI, In this case.

a) the psychologist should look for a test adapted for people with disabilities instead of BDI
b) The psychologist should have to adapt the BDI to the particular disability of Olga
c) The psychologist could continue to apple thhe BDI

Answer 75

a

Question 76

Our aim is to measure daily functioninf in an older adult patient, who we would like to interview. The idea is to assess whether our patient is able of carrying out independent living skills, necessary to function in a community setting. What general technique better suits the case

a) Katz - ADL
b) BI
c) IADL

Answer 76

c

Question 77

In the WHODAS:

a) the main objective is to evaluate symptomatologu
b) disability is assessed according to the tasks and roles expected in the socio cultural enviroment of the person
c) the presence of intellectual disability is diagnosed in accordance with WHO principles

Answer 77

b

Question 78

The CAMDEX - DS

a) is an assessment tool for diagnosing dementia
b) it is aimed at the whole population but has proven to be appropiate for people with Downs syndrome and other intellectual disabilties
c) all the above are correct

Answer 78

a

Question 79

If we were to assess a patient with an intellectual disability, we should bear in mind that:

a) use a simple and understandable language and except for intellectual matters, treat the person according to his/ her age
b) check the tendency to give the first answer from several options
c) all of the above, plus general sills as active listening and avoiding overprotection

Answer 79

a

Question 80

when we diagnose usingDSM V

a) APA recommends keep applying the EAG to measure functioning
b) APA incoroprate the WHODAS 2.0 in Axe V as the scale to measure functioning
c) APA recommends WHODAS 2.0 to measure functionig

Answer 80

c