Education: Social Policy Flashcards
List 4 coalition policies
Academies
Free schools
Pupil Premium
Spending Cuts
What are academies
In 2010 schools were encouraged to leave local authority control and become academies where they could run themselves. 1/2 of all secondary schools are academies by 2012. Some are now even part of academy chains.
What are free schools
They are state funded schools set up by teachers, parents and faith leaders. Anyone can set one up but there are problems with quality.
Give a problem with free schools
In 2011 only 6.5% of pupils at Bristol free schools had free school meals compared to 22.5% if the city. Shows they are not very inclusive
Give a problem of academies
Ball 2011 said academies have fragmented provisions with a top heavy management system meaning money is not spent on pupils.
What is pupil premium
This is additional money given to support children in care, children of forces parents and those whom are recipient of free school meals.
What were the spending cuts introduced by coalition
Increased tuition fees
Scrapped sure start
Scrapped EMA
What were the four New labour policies introduced 1997-2010
Education action zones
Education maintenance allowance
Aim higher
City academies
What are education action zones?
Some deprived areas were given additional resources for example St Austell
What was Educational maintenance allowance?
Payments to pupils from low income families to encourage them to stay in education
What was the aim higher programme?
A programme that is designed to raise aspirations
What were city academies?
Hey have a fresh start to struggling schools
Give three negatives to new labour policies
They left private education untouched
Raising tuition fees from 1,000 to 3,000 was contradictory to EMA
The slogans choice and diversity just meant inequality
What is meant by marketisation
The process of introducing a market force of consumer choice of competition between suppliers
Give 3 examples of marketisation policies
League tables - this gives parents choice of where to send their child and therefore makes them more accountable
Funding formula - schools are funded in how many pupils they recruit so good schools get more and can improve and be more selective
Specialist schools - increases parentocracy
What are the two disadvantage of league tables
Reinforces inequality in two ways
Cream skimming - good schools can be more selective they can therefore recruit the middle class
Soft shifting - they can avoid the working class because they damage reputation
What does Gerwitz say about marketisation
Marketisation favours the middle class who have economic and cultural capital, he studied 14 London secondary schools
Privileged skilled choosers - professional middle class gain educational capital for their children
Disconnected local choosers - the working class who lack insight into the system
Semi skilled choosers
What is meant by privatisation?
Where education becomes involved with a business who buy and sell them products eg school meals
Give two privatisation policies
Cola isation of schools
Globalisation of policy
What is meant by cola isation of schools
Where companies like to be seen to work with schools because it makes them look legitimate, the benefit is usually limited eg Sainsbury’s sports supplies
What is meant by globalisation policy
Making educational companies globally owned, for example exam board Edexcel is owned by a USpublishing company called Pearson
List social inclusion ethnic policies of the 1990s
Monitoring exam results
EAL programmes
Voluntary Saturday schools
What do critics says about ethnic policies
They lack tackling genuine issues like poverty and institutional racism
