Education: Differential Achievement Ethnicity

Question 1

What are the 2 external factors affecting ethnic achievement in education?

Answer 1

Material deprivation

Cultural deprivation

Question 2

What are the three factors involved in cultural deprivation?

Answer 2

Don’t value education
Intellectual and linguistic skills
Parental support

Question 3

What is meant by don’t value education as a factor of cultural deprivation?

Answer 3

Some groups/cultures don’t value education meaning their child’s performance is lower. Traveller children do not enter secondary education, girls take up housework and childcare and the boys join the family business

Question 4

What is meant by intellectual and linguistic skills as a factor of cultural deprivation?

Answer 4

Some claim that children who do not speak English at home are disadvantaged and held back however EAL children do just as well.

Question 5

What evidence is there that EAL children perform just as well?

Answer 5

2016 average attainment 8
EAL - 50%
Not EAL - 50%

Question 6

What are the three studies that support the theory of parental support as part of cultural deprivation?

Answer 6

Pryce 1979
Lapton 2004
Murray 1984

Question 7

What does Pryce 1979 say about parental support in cultural deprivation?

Answer 7

Black Caribbean children are less resistant to racism because of their past, colonialism and slavery, they therefore have lower self esteem and underachieve.

Question 8

What does Lapton 2004 say about parental support in cultural deprivation?

Answer 8

Asian families have the Asian work ethic and they therefore find it easier because it mirrors the ethic of school

Question 9

What does Murray 1984 say about parental support in cultural deprivation?

Answer 9

Underclass theory - Afro Caribbean boys were raised in single parent families 90% of the time headed by a women and therefore have no male role model.

Question 10

What are the two disadvantages of cultural deprivation theory?

Answer 10

Victim blaming - for Keddie says it blames victims rather than wider society

Single parent families can act as positive role models for girls

Question 11

What are the two factors involved in material deprivation?

Answer 11

Social exclusion

Palmers theory of geography, language and culturally

Question 12

What are the three reasons for material deprivation according to Palmer?

Answer 12

Geography
Culture
Language

Question 13

What is meant by geography in relation to Palmers reasons for material deprivation?

Answer 13

Ethnic groups are more likely to live in urban areas with more expensive housing and greater unemployment

Question 14

What is meant by language in relation to Palmers reasons for material deprivation?

Answer 14

Ethnic groups may face barriers to unemployment because of language difficulties or racism

Question 15

What is meant by cultural in relation to Palmers reasons for material deprivation?

Answer 15

Some ethnic cultures restrict certain things for example Muslim couples could face poverty because of Purtha, when women marry they are expected to stay at home.

Question 16

What is meant by social exclusion as a factor of material deprivation?

Answer 16

People living in poverty life in social housing in out of town settlements, they are therefore far from facilities such as cheaper food, better education and better jobs.

Question 17

What are the three internal factors affecting achievement in ethnic groups?

Answer 17

Institutional racism
Labelling/teacher racism
Pupil response/Subcultures

Question 18

What are the three factors involved in institutional racism

Answer 18

Critical race theory
Ethnocentric Curriculum
Selection and segregation

Question 19

What is meant by the critical race theory as a part of institutional racism?

Answer 19

Racism is deeply rooted in education

Question 20

What is meant by the ethnocentric curriculum as part of institutional racism?

Answer 20

Where the curriculum looks at an attitude that prioritises the culture of one group.
Ball - history curriculum recreates mythological age of the past glories.

Question 21

What is meant by selection and segregation as part of institutional racism?

Answer 21

Marketisation gives schools more scope to select pupils which allows stereotypes to affect decision. Most ethnic minorities are not put in top sets.

Question 22

What are the two theorists that explore labelling/teacher racism?

Answer 22

Connolly 1998

Sewell 1996

Question 23

What does Connolly 1998 say about labelling/teacher racism?

Answer 23

Found south Asian boys to be immature and vulnerable rather than deviant. Asian girls are overlooked due to teachers thinking they’re passive

Question 24

What does Sewell 1996 say about labelling/teacher racism?

Answer 24

Teachers are fearful of black boys because of stereotypical assumptions. Failure for them becomes a badge of honour, as they are more likely to be punished for the same behaviour as others. Teacher had racial expectations that meant they underestimated ability

Question 25

What are the variations of pupil responses/Subcultures?

Answer 25

Sewell 1998 - Afro Caribbean’s adopted different Subcultures to racism; conformists (keen to succeed), innovators (pro education anti school), retreatists, rebels

Afro Caribbean girls in high streams didn’t accept negative stereotypes and channeled anger into education success.