Education: Differential Achievement Ethnicity Flashcards
What are the 2 external factors affecting ethnic achievement in education?
Material deprivation
Cultural deprivation
What are the three factors involved in cultural deprivation?
Don’t value education
Intellectual and linguistic skills
Parental support
What is meant by don’t value education as a factor of cultural deprivation?
Some groups/cultures don’t value education meaning their child’s performance is lower. Traveller children do not enter secondary education, girls take up housework and childcare and the boys join the family business
What is meant by intellectual and linguistic skills as a factor of cultural deprivation?
Some claim that children who do not speak English at home are disadvantaged and held back however EAL children do just as well.
What evidence is there that EAL children perform just as well?
2016 average attainment 8
EAL - 50%
Not EAL - 50%
What are the three studies that support the theory of parental support as part of cultural deprivation?
Pryce 1979
Lapton 2004
Murray 1984
What does Pryce 1979 say about parental support in cultural deprivation?
Black Caribbean children are less resistant to racism because of their past, colonialism and slavery, they therefore have lower self esteem and underachieve.
What does Lapton 2004 say about parental support in cultural deprivation?
Asian families have the Asian work ethic and they therefore find it easier because it mirrors the ethic of school
What does Murray 1984 say about parental support in cultural deprivation?
Underclass theory - Afro Caribbean boys were raised in single parent families 90% of the time headed by a women and therefore have no male role model.
What are the two disadvantages of cultural deprivation theory?
Victim blaming - for Keddie says it blames victims rather than wider society
Single parent families can act as positive role models for girls
What are the two factors involved in material deprivation?
Social exclusion
Palmers theory of geography, language and culturally
What are the three reasons for material deprivation according to Palmer?
Geography
Culture
Language
What is meant by geography in relation to Palmers reasons for material deprivation?
Ethnic groups are more likely to live in urban areas with more expensive housing and greater unemployment
What is meant by language in relation to Palmers reasons for material deprivation?
Ethnic groups may face barriers to unemployment because of language difficulties or racism
What is meant by cultural in relation to Palmers reasons for material deprivation?
Some ethnic cultures restrict certain things for example Muslim couples could face poverty because of Purtha, when women marry they are expected to stay at home.
What is meant by social exclusion as a factor of material deprivation?
People living in poverty life in social housing in out of town settlements, they are therefore far from facilities such as cheaper food, better education and better jobs.
What are the three internal factors affecting achievement in ethnic groups?
Institutional racism
Labelling/teacher racism
Pupil response/Subcultures
What are the three factors involved in institutional racism
Critical race theory
Ethnocentric Curriculum
Selection and segregation
What is meant by the critical race theory as a part of institutional racism?
Racism is deeply rooted in education
What is meant by the ethnocentric curriculum as part of institutional racism?
Where the curriculum looks at an attitude that prioritises the culture of one group.
Ball - history curriculum recreates mythological age of the past glories.
What is meant by selection and segregation as part of institutional racism?
Marketisation gives schools more scope to select pupils which allows stereotypes to affect decision. Most ethnic minorities are not put in top sets.
What are the two theorists that explore labelling/teacher racism?
Connolly 1998
Sewell 1996
What does Connolly 1998 say about labelling/teacher racism?
Found south Asian boys to be immature and vulnerable rather than deviant. Asian girls are overlooked due to teachers thinking they’re passive
What does Sewell 1996 say about labelling/teacher racism?
Teachers are fearful of black boys because of stereotypical assumptions. Failure for them becomes a badge of honour, as they are more likely to be punished for the same behaviour as others. Teacher had racial expectations that meant they underestimated ability
What are the variations of pupil responses/Subcultures?
Sewell 1998 - Afro Caribbean’s adopted different Subcultures to racism; conformists (keen to succeed), innovators (pro education anti school), retreatists, rebels
Afro Caribbean girls in high streams didn’t accept negative stereotypes and channeled anger into education success.
