Education - Social class Flashcards
What are the Internal factors that affect educational achievement between social classes ?
. SFP
. Labelling
. Pupil / teacher interactions
. Subcultures
. Streaming / setting
Who evaluated ‘Streaming and Subcultures’ in social class achievement ?
Mac An Ghali
Willis - ‘The lads’
Mac An Ghali ~ Streaming and subcultures
Identified that students placed in higher streams in education - typically M/C retain the values / stay committed to the values of the school
- in turn falling into a ‘pro-school subculture’
Willis ~ Subcultures
Study on 12 W/C boys - ‘The lads’
. Focused on the 3f’s rather than the rules of education
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They found manual labour work to be more appealing and so fell into an anti-school subculture
Who evaluated Labelling in social class achievement ?
Internationalist Becker
Becker ~ Labelling
Identified labelling to be a process of attaching a label to a student based on their ‘ability’
. Teachers may label students as ‘bright’ or ‘trouble makers’
What is the result of Becker’s ~ Labelling ?
labelling can in turn cause :
. Polarisation into an anti-school subculture
. setting and streaming
. banding
. SFP - self fulfilling prophecy
How does ‘SFP’ affect educational achievement in social classes
As a consequence of labelling - students may feel the need to live up to the constant positive labelling - becoming the ideal student
- Lead to a low self - esteem ~ creating a self-imposed barrier
- Causality of the halo effect
What are the External factors that affect educational achievement between social classes ?
.Cultural deprivation
. Material deprivation
. Cultural capital
What is ‘cultural deprivation’ ?
The lack of norms and values - things that define habitus
What is ‘material deprivation’ ?
The lack of money - lacking neccesities that impact education
What factors make up ‘cultural deprivation’
- Cultural deprivation
. Language
. Speech codes
. W/C Subcultures
. parental interest
. Parental education.
. Cultural capital
Who evaluated ‘Language codes’ in social class achievement ?
Hubbs-Tait El Al
Hubbs-Tait El Al ~ Language codes
Hubbs-Tait El Al argued that :
.M/C parents who used more challenging language with their children - improved their cognitive ability
~ possible due to M/C elaborated speech codes
Whereas W/C had restricted speech codes and as such cannot use more challenging language
Who evaluated ‘Speech codes’ in social class achievement ?
Bernstein
Bernstein ~ speech codes
Bernstein evaluated two different speech codes that divide the classes :
. W/C = restrictive code
- Limited vocabulary + short grammatically simple sentences
. M/C = elaborated code
- Wider vocabulary + grammatically complex sentences
How does the M/C having ‘Elaborated speech codes’ put them at an advantage over the W/C having restricted speech codes ?
Elaborated speech code - M/C is favoured by teachers and exam markers and used in schools - therefore favouring the M/C and ignoring the W/C