Education - Gender

Question 1

What are some external factors that affect female achievement ?

Answer 1

. Socialisation

. Feminism

. Employment acts

. Changing ambitions

Question 1

What are some internal factors that affect female achievement ?

Answer 1

. Encouragement in classrooms

. Female teachers

. Gendered subject choice

. Feminisation of education

Question 2

What are some External factors affecting male achievement ?

Answer 2

. Socialisation

. Globalisation

Question 3

what are some Internal factors affecting male achievement ?

Answer 3

. Feminisation of education

. Gendered subject choice

. Male peer groups

Question 4

How does socialisation impact female achievement ?

Answer 4

Females are socialised to have a ‘bedroom culture’ in which they are encouraged to be educationally active rather than physically active - Meaning females achieve better in education

Question 5

How does socialisation impact male achievement ?

Answer 5

Males are socialised to be physically active rather than educationally

• Link to canalisation
  ~ Males playing with military action figures and mechanics sets - toys that indoctrinate them to be physically active / prepared for instrumental role

Question 6

How does Feminism Impact female achievement

Answer 6

. Feminism

• Causes more encouragement for female achievement - in and out of classroom
• Creates more female role models / teachers
• Build up to 1970 employment act

Question 7

What is the 1970 employment act and how does it impact female achievement ?

Answer 7

. Equal pay act

~ Where females gain financial freedom and have an equal footing in the workplace

~ allows women to escape their domesticated role of unpaid labour

~ Allows women to be inspired to work harder in education for a better paying job - Sue sharpe

Question 8

What did Sue Sharpe identify for female achievement

Answer 8

~ The change in women’s ambitions

Sharpe identified the shift in female priorities ~ as women become more ambitious for education and employment - become aspired to have better paying jobs

Question 9

What internal factor affecting female achievement has taken place over the last 30 years

Answer 9

Classroom encouragement for female achievement

Question 10

what is ‘Classroom encouragement for female achievement’

Answer 10

Where feminist ideologies are promoted INSIDE the classroom

. E.g. posters

Question 11

How does the “feminisation of education” impact female achievement ?

Answer 11

The idea that education does not nurture “masculine traits” - so females have a chance at ‘proper education’

Question 12

How does globalisation impact male achievement ?

Answer 12

. since the 1980s there has been a decline in “masculine jobs” - manufacturing jobs

~ this means that male employment drops - because of this male students develop fatalistic attitudes towards education as they feel they cannot get a job / a good job

Question 13

What does Mitose and Browne suggest about globalisations impact on male achievement ?

Answer 13

Suggest that Globalisation has caused a ‘Crisis of masculinity’

Question 14

How does the feminisation of education impact male achievement ?

Answer 14

Education does not nurture masculine traits - leadership and competitiveness and so males underachieve

Question 15

What does Sewell suggest about coursework for male achievement ?

Answer 15

Argues that coursework causes males to underachieve - because they have no time for it as they are focused on physical activities

Question 16

What policies did the government introduce to improve male achievement ?

Answer 16

. ‘Raising boys achievement project’

. ‘playing for success’

. ‘the dads and sons campaign’

. the national literacy strategy’

Question 17

Why do female teachers impact female achievement ?

Answer 17

Female teachers act as role models for female students and they feel encouraged to achieve well

Question 18

Why do male teachers impact male achievement ?

Answer 18

They felt male teachers could cultivate the proper traits of a man - Leadership and competitiveness

Question 19

What did Francis identify for gendered achievement ?

Answer 19

Found that two-thirds of 7-8 year olds believed that the gender of teachers does not matter

Question 20

What two types of language did Read identify ?

Answer 20

. A Disciplinarian discourse

. A liberal discourse

Question 21

what is a Disciplinarian discourse

Answer 21

Where teachers authority was made viable - through shouting and exasperated tone of voice / Sarcasm

Question 22

What is a Liberal discourse

Answer 22

‘Pseudo-adultification’
~ where the teacher speaks to the student as an adult - respectfully

Question 23

What did Read identify ?

Answer 23

Teachers were more likely to use a disciplinarian discourse on male students - But a liberal discourse on female students

Question 24

What is the policy ‘playing for success’ that impacts male achievement ?

Answer 24

involves using football and other sports to boost learning skills and motivation among boys

Question 25

What did Yougov associate with an incline in male achievement ?

Answer 25

Having a male teacher ~ boys that were surveyed said that the presence made them behave and 42% said it made them work better

Question 26

What did Osler identify ?

Answer 26

The focus on the under achievement boys has led to the neglect of girls and this is because girls disengage from school quietly

Question 27

What did Epstein identify ?

Answer 27

That W/C boys reject schoolwork to avoid being called ‘gay’ or ‘swots’

~ “real boys don’t work “

Question 28

According to Francis, what is the issue with laddish subculture ?

Answer 28

it has become widespread - boys become more laddish to construct their masculinity and not be labelled as ‘gay’ or ‘feminine’