education reforms (1863-64)

Question 1

abolition of serfdom increased the need for

Answer 1

basic literacy and numeracy among peasants trying to run their private smallholdings

Question 2

establishment of the zemstva provided an opportunity for?

Answer 2

a change in the control and funding of education

Question 3

who was Alexander Golovnin?

Answer 3

(minister for education 1862-67)

Question 4

under Alexander Golovin (university)

Answer 4

-universities given the opportunity to govern themselves and appoint their own staff

Question 5

responsibility for schooling

Answer 5

transferred from the Russian orthodox church to the Zemstva

Question 6

primary and secondary education

Answer 6

extended ith ‘modern schools’ established at the secondary level for those who did not have classic education offered in a gimnaziya
-students from both could progress to university

Question 7

schools declared

Answer 7

open to all regardless of class and sex, allow women to attend secondary schools for non-vocational education from 1870

Question 8

impact of education reforms

Answer 8

-new independence given to the universities had the effect of increasing the number of radical and militant thinkers
-education reforms so ‘successful’ after 1866 deemed necessary to reassert government control

Question 9

new primary schools built open to all classes .
Between 1856 -1878 number of primary schools increased from how much ?

Answer 9

8000 to nearly 25,000
-with 1 million pupils in attendance

Question 10

how many pupils in attendance in primary schools

Answer 10

1 million

Question 11

number of primary schools 1856

Answer 11

8000

Question 12

number of primary schools 1878

Answer 12

nearly 25,000

Question 13

higher education - women

Answer 13

women could attend courses but not take degrees

Question 14

from 1865- 1899 student numbers grew from around ?

Answer 14

4,000 to 16,000
-students drawn from wider social groups including the sons of peasants and lower-ranking townspeople