education policy

Question 1

when was the Forster act

Answer 1

1870

Question 2

what is the Forster act

Answer 2

introduced free elementary schools for children aged 5-14yrs

Question 3

criticism of the Forster act

Answer 3

• religious, not all families wanted this.

Question 4

when was the tripartite system

Answer 4

1944

Question 5

what was the tripartite system

Answer 5

3:
-grammer
-technical
-mordern

11+ exam

Question 6

criticism tripartite system

Answer 6

• reproduced class inequality
• labelled failures at a young age -SFP

Question 7

when was the comprehensive system

Answer 7

1965

Question 8

what was the comprehensive system/ aims

Answer 8

aimed to abolish tripartite system so every pupil could attend.
wanted to be a more fair system

Question 9

criticism comprehensive system

Answer 9

• problems with mixed ability teaching
• so sets introduced but this created inequality

Question 10

when were youth training schemes and which govenerment

Answer 10

1983
Margot thatcher
new right would’ve favoured

Question 11

what were the youth training schemes

Answer 11

introduced job-related training for young ppl in a vocational setting.

Question 12

criticism of youth training schemes

Answer 12

• over-half didnt find a job after
• 58% left early
• 60% no qualifications
  not as affective as they seemed

Question 13

when was formula funding

Answer 13

1988

Question 14

what is formula funding?

Answer 14

schools allocated funds based on how many pupils they attracted.
= best results more funding.
-more selective and attracted middle class pupils

Question 15

crtiisim of formula funding

Answer 15

• unfair gives deprived schools lesss money

Question 16

when was school league tables introduced

Answer 16

1988

Question 17

what was aim of school league tables

Answer 17

means schools with good grades can ‘cream. off’ the best (mainly middle class) pupils. less able school end top with less able pupils (silt-shifting)

Question 18

when was the miantence allowence introduced and by who

Answer 18

1999
new labour

Question 19

what did the msintence allowance mean and who was it for

Answer 19

payement to students form low income backgrounds to encourage them to stay after 16 to get better qualififactions.

Question 20

what was a problem with the maintenance allowance

Answer 20

it was very expensive - 560 mil
lack of monitoring what money was spent on.

Question 21

when was the aim-higher initiative and who introduced it

Answer 21

2004
new labour

Question 22

what did the aim higher programme do

Answer 22

aim to raise standards/ aspirations of groups who are under-represented in higher education
e.g. uni taster days.

Question 23

criticism of aim higher programme

Answer 23

one size does not fit all (vocational education); new labour paradox

Question 24

what is the functionalist perspective on the introduction of comprehensive system

Answer 24

see comprehensive schools as meritocratic bc they give pupils longer to develop by not selecting at eleven.
some also see them as promoting integration by brining all social classes together in one school.

Question 25

what's marxist perspective on comprehensive system

Answer 25

reproducing class inequality thru steaming and labelling. they legitimise inequality by the 'myth of meritocracy', make it appear everyone has equal oppotuinitiy.

Question 26

list all the marketisation policies

Answer 26

-league tables -open enrolment -formula funding -opting out of LEA control -free schools -academies -business sponsorship -parentocracy

Question 27

what polices did new labour introduce between 1997-2010 list them:

Answer 27

-city academies -educational action zones -aim higher programmes in disadvantaged areas -educational maintenance allowances -increase spending on state education

Question 28

A03 of new labour polices

Answer 28

- polices contradictory. e.g. EMA helped poorer pupils post 16 but they now have to pay university tuition fees -new labour has left the private education system untouched. -choice and diversity are just nice ways of saying inequality - the education market ensures working class pupils remain disadvantaged. -other hand: more education spending and focus on 'learning society' have genuine achievements. evidence that academies have raised standards is mixed some show results others don't.

Question 29

when did conservative government start

Answer 29

2010

Question 30

when was the education reform act and what became a central theme of it

Answer 30

1988 marketisation policies

Question 31

what is a consequence of marketisation

Answer 31

REPRODUCTION OF CLASS INEQUALITIES examples: -league tables -formula funding -pental choice -myth of pentocracy

Question 32

what did Gewitx say abt parental choice

Answer 32

identified: 1. middle-class privileged skilled choosers with the economic and cultural capital to take advantage of the system. 2. working class disconnected local chooser who lack capital and have ti settle for the nearest school. 3. ambitious working class sent skilled choosers frustrated by their inability to get the school they wanted

Question 33

what is the myth of parentocracy? a conséquence of marketisation policies

Answer 33

marketisation also leigitmimses inequality by making it look as if all parents r equally free too choose a good school. (not true)

Question 34

what did conservative governments begin with in 2010 with education

Answer 34

acerbated away from the comprehensive system run by local authorities. policies have been strongly include by neoliberal idea abt reducing the role of the state thru marketisation and privatisation.

Question 35

examples of the privatisation of education by the conservative government

Answer 35

1. equation as a private commodity 2. blurring the public/private boundary 3.globlisation of policy 4. colonisation of schools

Question 36

education as a private commodity meaning

Answer 36

Ball argues- education is ceasing to be a [public good. instead being privatised: turning to a commodity owned by private companies + bought + sold in a education market. education becomes a source of profit for capitalists, including school building, ofsted inspeactions, providing supply teachers, even running entire local education authorities. Hall sees this as 'long term march of neoliberal revolution'

Question 37

who talks abt education as a privatised commodity

Answer 37

Ball + Hall

Question 38

blurring the public/private boundary meaning

Answer 38

many senior public sector employees e.g. senior civil servants + head teachers move into private sector education business, brining 'insider knowledge' to help w contracts.

Question 39

globalisation of policy meaning

Answer 39

many education companies r foreign-owned. some uk education businesses work overseas, privatising + exporting uk education policy for sale abroad. nation-sates r becoming less important in policy making which is becoming globalised.

Question 40

cola-nation of school meaning

Answer 40

the private sector sells to pupils thru vending machines, develops brand loyalty thru logos, sponserships + voucher schemes.