education policy

Question 1

tripartite system

Answer 1

3 stage education system:
secondary modern - general edu for non-academic
secondary technical
grammar

meritocratic system - children received education based on academic achievement

11+ would determine what school you would attend

Question 2

AO3 pros of tripartite system

Answer 2

different ability students get the support they need for their ability

resources can be better targeted

less able don’t feel inferior and more able do not get held back

Question 3

AO3 cons of tripartite system

Answer 3

80% of students at 11 feel a failure (due to 11+)

most children develop after 11

justifies inequality - supports ideology that ability is inborn and thus can be measured from an early age

Question 4

comprehensive system

Answer 4

introduced by labour gov

ensured all students no matter their ability had a similar education

all students of all ability attended the same school

catchment areas

Question 5

AO3 pros comprehensive schools

Answer 5

fair - one education for all

brings together children from different social classes

no entrance exam = all treated fairly

larger schools = cheaper to run

functionalist view: promotes social integration by bringing kids of different social classes together

Question 6

1944 education act

Answer 6

introduced the tripartite system
influenced by meritocracy

Question 7

1965 labour government

Answer 7

introduced comprehensive system - merging of grammar and secondary modern schools

aim: to reduce the class gap in achievement

Question 8

FORD study of comprehensive schools

Answer 8

found the little mixing because of streaming gives pupils a longer period to develop and show their abilities

Question 9

marketisation - new labour

Answer 9

schools to be like businesses with competition and league tables and oftsed

introduced by conservative government under the 1988 education reform act

Question 10

marketisation pros

Answer 10

schools can choose pupils and be high on league tables

parentocracy (rule of parents) make decisions about what’s best for kids

Question 11

marketisation cons

Answer 11

leads to reproduction of class inequality

Question 12

2010 coalition governments

Answer 12

faith schools = follow national curriculum but with chosen religion integrated

free schools = funded by government , all ability, established by parents and teachers to improve education standards by taking the power away from the state

academies = by 2012 1/2 of all secondary schools are academies

Question 13

AO3 pros of faith schools

Answer 13

good for parents that want their children raised around a specific religion

Question 14

AO3 cons of faith schools

Answer 14

they’re selective of applicants - good for MC, bad for WC

Question 15

AO3 pros of free schools

Answer 15

benefits for all children

Question 16

AO3 cons for free schools

Answer 16

selective

Question 17

1880

Answer 17

male education compulsory from age 5-13

Question 18

1997 marketisation

Answer 18

education maintenance allowance (EMAs) payments to students from low-income backgrounds to encourage them to stay on in education after 16

Question 19

marxist view on comprehensive schools AO3

Answer 19

marxist view: not meritocratic, they reported class inequality from one generation to the next through continuation of streaming and labelling = denies WC any opportunity
‘myth of meritocracy’
legitimates class inequality by making unequal achievement seem fair and just because failure looks like the individuals fault not the systems’

Question 20

conservative policies 2010 - academies

Answer 20

all schools encouraged to become academies, some funded by privately-owned chains, some funded by central government

Question 21

conservative policies 2010 - free schools

Answer 21

state-funded but set up and run by parents, teachers, religious groups or businesses

Question 22

conservative policies 2010 to reduce inequality

Answer 22

free school meals

the pupil premium

Question 23

conservative policies 2010 to reduce inequality AO3

Answer 23

ofsted found that only 1/10 head teachers said the pupil premium money has significantly supported disadvantaged pupils