Education Policies: Policies to achieve greater Equality of Opportunity Flashcards

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1
Q

Policies to achieve greater Equality of Opportunity

A

-Comprehensive Schools
-EMA
-Compensatory Education
-Excellence in Cities
-Academies
-Pupil Premium

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2
Q

Comprehensive Schools: When were they introduced?

A

1965

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3
Q

Comprehensive Schools: Aims

A

-To provide a school for all students no matter their background or ability
-Improve social mobility

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4
Q

Comprehensive Schools: What will improving social mobility enable?

A

Children from all backgrounds to improve their social standing in society so WC children have the same opportunities to succeed as MC

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5
Q

Comprehensive Schools: How are most schools today comprehensive in character?

A

They do not formally select students by ability

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6
Q

Comprehensive Schools AO3: Still a class divide

A

-Schools reflect the catchment area - schools in MC areas are full of MC pupils
-Comprehensive schools in MC areas tend to be more popular than those on WC which are usually underperforming

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7
Q

Comprehensive Schools AO3: Streaming and Setting

A

-Reproduces inequality
-WC students do not fit the ideal pupil so teachers assume they are less able and place them in bottom sets

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8
Q

EMA (Education Maintenance Allowance)(Labour Government): When was it introduced?

A

1999

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9
Q

EMA: Why was it introduced?

A

Introduced to encourage students from disadvantaged backgrounds to study post-16

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10
Q

EMA: Explain

A

Students from low income families were given money if they stayed in education post-16

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11
Q

EMA: How did this benefit WC

A

Overcame the barrier of material deprivation, helping them cover travel, dinner, books and encouraging equality of opportunity

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12
Q

EMA AO3: University tuition fees

A

-At the same time as introducing EMA, the government increased University fees
-WC were encouraged to stay in education but economically excluded from university due to material deprivation

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13
Q

Compensatory Education (Labour Government): When was it introduced

A

1990’s

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14
Q

Compensatory Education: Aim

A

Helping all children to achieve no matter their background

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15
Q

Compensatory Education: Define

A

Extra services and programmes to help children from disadvantaged backgrounds achieve in school

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16
Q

Compensatory Education: Examples

A

-Free School Meals: ensure all children eat a nutritious school dinner to help them concentrate
-Breakfast Clubs: prevent children from going hungry

17
Q

Compensatory Education AO3: Negative Stereotyping

A

Some WC pupils do not take FSM so to the stigma, they are worried they will be bullied by others

18
Q

Compensatory Education AO3: FMS during holidays

A

-Children eat nutritious meals at schools but during the holidays many children have to go without
-Families are forced to turn to food banks
-FSM have limited impact in aiding concentration on homework and revision

19
Q

Excellence in Cities (Labour Government): When was it introduced?

A

1999

20
Q

Excellence in Cities: Aim

A

Raise the aspirations of WC students living in inner city areas

21
Q

Excellence in Cities: Explain

A

Another form of compensatory education targeting deprived areas

22
Q

Excellence in Cities: What do schools do?

A

-Schools work closely with local businesses who give talks and lectures run outreach programmes

23
Q

Excellence in Cities: Example

A

“Lawyers in Schools” programme: involved lawyers going into schools are running sessions to raise aspirations

24
Q

Academies (Labour Government): What were they introduced to do?

A

Tackle underperforming schools

25
Q

Academies: Sponsored Academies

A

When failing schools are turned into academies to raise standards e.g Sirius North and West

26
Q

Academies: Sponsored Academy aims

A

Encourage greater equality of opportunity, improving the education of WC students previously stuck in failing “sink” schools

27
Q

Pupil Premium (Coalition Government): What was it introduced to do?

A

Helping disadvantaged children in schools

28
Q

Pupil Premium: Explain

A

Schools receive extra money for students from low income backgrounds

29
Q

Pupil Premium: What is the money used for?

A

To find trips and educational experiences for children who would otherwise miss out

30
Q

Pupil Premium: Aims

A

-Overcome material deprivation
-Give WC children opportunities to develop cultural capital e.g school trips

31
Q

Pupil Premium AO3: What do schools often do with the money?

A

Spend it on other things such as marketisation (prospectuses and open days)