Education = gender Girls achievement Flashcards
What gender in the past used to out-perform the other?
Boys used to out-perform girls in education, but since the 1980’s girls are now better than boys in most subjects.
What gender is more likely to go into higher education?
Girls are more likely and also achieve better in A-levels allowing access to higher education.
What are external factors?
Factors outside the education system e.g. home and family, job market and wider society.
What are internal factors?
Factors within schools e.g. effect of schools equal opportunities policies.
What influence has feminism had on girls’ education?
Changes in law e.g. equal pay, outlawing rape in marriage. Also affected girls’ self-image and aspirations.
Who said that women’s goals of marriage, children and family in 1970’s, switched to career and independence in 1990’s?
Sharpe (1994)
What did Francis (2001) say about girls changing perceptions and ambitions?
Girls now had high career aspirations and so needed educational qualifications.
Who argued that independence is valued more than in the past for women and career is part of women’s life project?
Beck and Beck-Gernsheim (2001)
What did Fuller (2011) say about girls aim in their career?
Girls want a career to support themselves, but those of W/C with poor job aspects still focus on marriage and children - traditional identity.
Since the 1970’s what was the percentage of increase in divorce rates compared to now?
40% of marriages now end in divorce.
What percentage of families are lone parent and female headed?
Over 90%
Is there more cohabitation since the 1970’s or first marriages?
More cohabitation, less first marriages.
Has there been an increase or decrease in women having smaller families and also staying single?
Increase in smaller families and single women.
Do women now have more independence than they did in the 1970’s?
Yes, due to the rise in career and further education opportunities for women, meaning they can be independent.
What changes in the law, helped change women’s career prospects?
The 1970 Equal pay act and the 1975 sex discrimination act. Since then the pay gap has almost halved between men and women.