Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sociology > Education - Ethnicity > Flashcards

Education - Ethnicity Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

External Factors - Ethnicity

Which two theorists said that intellectual and linguistic skills affect achievement?

A

Bereiter and Engelmann

Gilborn and Mirza (2000)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

External Factors - Ethnicity

What did Bereiter and Engelmann say about language?

A

Low-income black American families is inadequate and deficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

External Factors - Ethnicity

What did Gilborn and Mirza (2000) find about Indian pupils.

A

That they do well and achieve in school despite not speaking English at home

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

External Factors - Ethnicity

What 5 sociologists talk about family structure and parental support?

A
  • Moynihan (1965)
  • Murray (1984)
  • Pryce (1979)
  • Sewell (2009)
  • Lupton (2004)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

External Factors - Ethnicity

What did Moynihan (1965) find about black families?

A

Because many black families are headed by a lone woman, children are given inadequate care (financial) and boys lack a male role model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

External Factors - Ethnicity

What did Murray (1984) say about lone parenthood?

A

A high rate of lone parenthood contributes to the underachievement of ethnic minorities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

External Factors - Ethnicity

How did Pryce (1979) compare Asian and Black Caribbean cultures?

A

Asian cultures are more resistant to racism because their families give them greater self worth than those of Black Caribbean pupils’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

External Factors - Ethnicity

What did Sewell (2009) find about male role models (in response to Murray)?

A

It is not a lack of male role models but in fact a lack of ‘tough love’ - he suggests that this is then given by gangs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

External Factors - Ethnicity

What did Lupton (2004) find about both Asian and white working class pupils?

A
  • Adult authority in Asian families is similar to the model that operates in schools
  • White working-class schools show poorer levels of behaviour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

External Factors - Ethnicity

Who are two sociologists that criticise cultural deprivation?

A

External Factors - Ethnicity

Who are two sociologists that criticise cultural deprivation?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

External Factors - Ethnicity

How does Driver (1977) criticise cultural deprivation theory?

A

It ignores the positive affects ethnicity can have on education
- the black caribbean family could provide girls with a strong positive role model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

External Factors - Ethnicity

How does Lawrence (1982) criticise cultural deprivation theory?

A

Says that black pupils underachieve because of racism, not low self esteem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

External Factors - Ethnicity

Which sociologist studied material deprivation?

A

Palmer (2012)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

External Factors - Ethnicity

What did Palmer (2012) find about material deprivation?

A
  • Almost half of all ethnic minority children live in low-income households
  • Ethnic minorities are twice as likely to be unemployed than whites
  • Ethnic minority households are three times more likely to be homeless
  • Almost half of Bangladeshi and Pakistani workers earned under £7
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

External Factors - Ethnicity

Give some reasons as to why ethnic minorities are at greater risk of the effects of material deprivation.

A
  • Many live in economically depressed areas with higher unemployment and low wages
  • Asylum seekers may not be allowed to take work
  • Racial discrimination in the house and labour markets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

External Factors - Ethnicity

In 2011 what percentage of Chinese girls achieved five or more GCSEs, and what does this tell us?

A
  • 86%
  • It tells us that maybe ethnicity can override the effects of class and material deprivation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

External Factors - Ethnicity

What does Modood (2004) say about the effects of low/ income?

A

The effects of lower income are much worse for white pupils than any other ethnicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

External Factors - Ethnicity

Which 2 sociologists studied racism in wider society?

A
  • Rex (1986)
  • Woods et al (2010)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

External Factors - Ethnicity

What was Woods et al’s (2010) study and what did they find?

A
  • They sent three closely matched job applications to 1000 job vacancies
  • Only 1 in 16 times was the ethnic minority given an interview
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

External Factors - Ethnicity

What did Rex (1986) say about racism in wider society?

A

Racial discrimination leads to social exclusion and this worsens the poverty faced by ethnic minorities

20
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

Name 4 sociologists that studied labelling and teacher racism.

A
  • Gillborn and Youdell (2000)
  • Bourne (1994)
  • Foster (1990)
  • Wright (1992)
21
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

What did Gillborn and Youdell (2000) find about labelling and teacher racism?

A

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

What did Gillborn and Youdell (2000) find about labelling and teacher racism?

22
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

What did Bourne (1994) find about labelling and teacher racism?

A
  • Schools see black pupils as a threat and exclude them as a result
  • 1 in 5 excluded pupils achieve five GCSEs
23
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

What did Foster (1990) find about labelling and teacher racism?

A

Teachers’ stereotypes result in black pupils being placed in lower streams

24
Q

What did Wright (1992) find about labelling and teacher racism?

A

Asian pupils are left out of discussion and talked to simplistically because teachers assume they have a poor grasp of English

25
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

Who studied pupil identities?

A

Archer (2008)

26
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

What are the three pupil identities identified by Archer (2008)?

A
  • Ideal pupil: White, middle class, masculine, normal sexuality
  • Pathologized pupil: Asian ‘deserving poor’, feminine, oppressed sexuality
  • Demonised pupil: black or white, working class, unintelligent, peer-led
27
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

What 4 sociologists studied pupil responses and subcultures?

A
  • Fuller (1994)
  • Mac an Ghaill (1992)
  • Mirza (1992)
  • Sewell (2009)
28
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

Briefly outline Fuller’s (1994) study and what they found.

A
  • Studied a group of high achieving Y11 black girls in a london comprehensive
  • Girls rejected negative labels
  • Relied on their own efforts for academic validation
  • Only conformed as far as schoolwork
29
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

Briefly outline Mac an Ghaill’s (1992) study and his findings.

A
  • Studied Black and Asian A level students
  • Student did not necessarily accept their negative label
  • How they responded to labels depended on factors like their ethnic group and gender
30
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

Briefly outline Mirza’s (1992) study and findings.

A
  • Studied ambitious black girls who faced racism
  • Found that a large majority of teachers held racist attitudes
  • Identified three main types of teacher racism
31
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

What are the three types of teacher racism, according to Mirza (1992)?

A
  • Colour-blind: believe all pupils are equal but allow racism in practice
  • Liberal chauvinists: believe black students are cultural deprived
  • Overt racists: believe black people are inferior and actively discriminate
32
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

What did Sewell (2009) find about pupil responses and subcultures?

A

Identified four responses to schooling:
- Rebels: most influential, reject goals of school, conformed to ‘black macho lad’
- Conformists: largest group, keen to succeed, accepted schools goals
- Retreatists: minority group who disconnected from both black, school
- Innovators: second largest, pro-education, anti-school

33
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

Who identified two different forms of racism and what are they?

A

Troyna and Williams (1986)
- Individual: from the prejudiced views of individual teachers and others
- Institutional: discrimination that is built into the way an institution operates

34
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

What is critical race theory?

A

It sees racism as an ingrained feature of society
- Locked-in inequality: the inequality becomes self-perpetuating

35
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

Who applies locked-in inequality to the education system?

A

Gillborn (2008)

36
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

Name 2 studies in marketisation and segregation.

A
  • Moore and Davenport (2008)
  • The commission for Racial Equality (1993)
37
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

What did Moore and Davenport (1990) find about marketisation and segregation?

A

Secondary school application processes are difficult for non-English parents to understand, and they favoured white pupils

38
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

What did the commission for Racial Equality (1993) find about marketisation and segregation?

A
  • Reports from primary schools stereotype minority pupils
  • Racist bias in interviews for school places
  • Lack of information in minority languages
39
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

What 3 sociologists studied the ethnocentric curriculum?

A
  • David (1993)
  • Ball (1994)
  • Coard (1971)
40
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

What does David (1993) say about the national curriculum?

A

It is a ‘specifically British’ curriculum that largely ignores non-European languages

41
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

What does Ball (1994) say about the national curriculum?

A
  • It ignores ethnic diversity
  • The history curriculum tries to recreate a ‘mythical age of empire and past glories’
42
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

What does Coard (1971) say about the national curriculum?

A

The curriculum presents an image of black people as inferior which undermines their self-esteem

43
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

Who studied institutional racism in assessments?

A

Gillborn (2008)

44
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

What did Gillborn (2008) find about institutional racism in assessments?

A

Assessments are rigged to validate the dominant culture’s superiority
- Independent baselines were replaced with the FSP in 2003
- Overnight, black pupils appeared to be doing worse than white pupils
- The FSP is based on teacher judgements

45
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

Who studied access to opportunities?

A

Tikly et al (2006) studied 30 schools in the ‘Aiming High’ initiative to raise Black Caribbean achievement
- Black pupils were nevertheless more likely to be put into the lower tiers than white pupils

46
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

Name two policies that aim to raise achievement.

A
  • Gifted and Talented: created to meet the needs of more able pupils in inner-city schools
  • Aiming High: initiative to raise achievement in Black Caribbean pupils
47
Q

Internal Factors - Ethnicity

What is the ‘new IQism’?

A

Teachers see potential as a fixed quality that can be easily measured
- Secondary schools are increasingly only using an old-style IQ test that only shows what pupils know, not what they could

48
Q
A

Sociology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions