Education and Youth in the Third Reich

Question 1

What did Nazis see schooling as an opportunity to do?

Answer 1

• Nazi’s saw education as an opportunity to create good Nazi’s
• They changed what was taught and who taught it

Question 2

What institutions did the Nazis keep and which ones did they abolish?

Answer 2

• They abolished private primary schools
• Fee-paying secondary schools and universities remained for ‘pure Germans’ and they emphasises physical fitness
• Corporations became Nazi comradeship houses and students had to join the Nazi student union

Question 3

Napolas

Answer 3

• National Political Education Institutions, Est in 20th April 1933
• Three were opened
• A free boarding school to train an elite group of boys as government administrators

Question 4

NSLB

Answer 4

• National Socialist Teachers League (NSLB), Est April 1929
• Jan 1933 had 6,000 members and undesirables purged in April

Question 5

Decree of September 1935

Answer 5

• Gave Nazis control over appointments
• By 1937 it was impossible to get a job without being in the NSLB
• 97% of teachers were a part of the union
• Provided courses so the teachers knew what to teach

Question 6

Why did the number of teachers drop by 1938?

Answer 6

• 2,500 new teachers with 8,000 vacancies
• School was treated as a place to indoctrinate children and the Nazis were anti-intellectual because of this
• This made teachers less respected and it became a less popular profession

Question 7

What % of the curriculum was sports?

Answer 7

15%

Question 8

What was the purpose of history as a subject?

Answer 8

• To create a Volksgemeinschaft and a nationhood
• Textbooks were censored, some burned and others mutilated

Question 9

What did booklets given to support the Nazi curriculum include?

Answer 9

• There was race studies, teaching the superiority of the Aryans, inferiority of slav races, Jews and how they were the cause of German problems

Question 10

What was the focus of biology in the Nazi curriculum?

Answer 10

• Focused on race, eugenics and motherhood for girls

Question 11

Give an example of Nazi propaganda in maths?

Answer 11

E.g How much money can be saved on marriage loans if money for helping the mentally ill was saved?

Question 12

When was the Hitler Youth Established and under whom?

Answer 12

Set up in 1933 Baldur Von Schirach

Question 13

What were the divisions of the Hitler Youth for the boys?

Answer 13

• Pimpfen (Little Folk) aged 6
• Jung Volk (Young Stars) aged 10
• Hitler Yügend (Hitler Youth) 14-18

Question 14

When did the Hitler Youth open their first school?

Answer 14

• 1937 first Schoo for future administrators
• The physical fitness experience did not train them to be administrators

Question 15

What were the divisions of the Hitler Youth for the girls?

Answer 15

• Jungmandel (Young Girls) 10
• Bund Deutsches Madel (Association of German Young Women BDM) 14
• Glaube and Schönheit (Faith and Beauty) 17-20

Question 16

What did the pamphlets issued to youth leaders instruct them to teach at youth clubs?

Answer 16

• The unfairness of the TofV, racial purity and the importance of having strong, healthy babies
• Members of the Youth were encouraged to report anything that was not conforming to Nazi values, including their own parents