Education Flashcards
Some sociologists argue that external factors such as cultural deprivation determine class differences in education, outline some of these:
Language, Speech codes, Parents education, Parenting style, Parents educational behaviours, Use of income, Class, income and parental education, Working class subculture
Other sociologists argue that material deprivation is the main factor in differences in attainment between classes, outline some effects of material deprivation:
Housing (overcrowding or lack of space or damp which may affect health)
Diet and health
Financial support and the costs of education
Fear of debt
How did Feinstein find that middle class parents used language to improve their cognitive abilities?
What sociologist identified two speech codes?
They asked children questions such as are you ready for the next step?
The restricted speech code (working class) and the elaborate speech code (middle class)
How does educated parents discipline style differ from that of non educated parents?
It is consistent and emphasises high expectations.
What sociologists found that middle class mothers were more likely to buy educational books and toys for children?
Bernstein and Young
Sugar man identified four features of working class subculture what are they?
Fatalism - A belief in fate
Collectivism - A belief that it is better to be part of a group than to be an individual
Immediate gratification - seeking pleasure now rather than later
Present time orientation - seeing the present as more important that the future
How does Keddie criticise cultural deprivation as an explanation for difference in educational attainment between classes?
She describes it as a myth and sees it as a victim blaming situation and argues a child can not be deprived of its own culture.
What fraction of children that are eligible for 3 school meals achieve 5+ A*-C’s?
What sociologist argues that diet and health mainly affect poor people?
Almost 1/3.
Howard, Wilkinson supports this showing that the lower the social class the more behavioural issues
What does Bull call the price of schooling?
What sociologist found that work which students from low income families have to do usually has a negative impact on their schooling?
The cost of free schooling.
Ridge.
What are Bourdieu’s three types of cultural capital?
Educational, economic and cultural.
Some sociologists believe that class differences in achievement is due to internal factors, label some of these:
Labelling, self fulfilling prophecy, streaming, pupil subcultures and pupils and class identities
In Beckers study of 60 Chicago high schools how did he find teachers judged pupils?
Based on what research findings did Dunne and Gazzeley argue schools persistently produce working class underachievement?
According to how closely they fitted an image of the ‘ideal pupil’
Their own which found based on interviews of nine English state secondary schools that teachers normalised working class underachievement.
What % of higher professionals children (doctors) achieved 5+ A*-C’s?
What % of routine workers children (sales assistants) achieved 5+ A*-C’s?
83%
44%
Why does Flaherty say 20% of those eligible for free school meals don’t get them?
What sociologists found from their questionnaire that working class students are mlre debt averse?
Fear of stigmatisation.
Callender and Jackson.
How many times less likely are debt averse students (typically working class) to apply for university than their middle class counterparts?
In 2009 when uni fees were raised what did UCAS find the percentage of applicants decreased by?
5 times less likely.
8.6%
What percentage of upper class students receive financial support from their families compared with working class students?
81% upper class.
44% working class.
What did Sullivan find about when both middle and working class had the same cultural capital?
Middle class pupils still did better.
What did Rists study in an American kindergarden find?
The teacher had used information about their home backgrounds to place them in different groups
What’re the stages involved in a self fulfilling prophecy?
What study supports the self fulfilling prophecy idea?
Teacher labels pupil,
Teacher treats pupil accordingly,
Pupil believes label behaves accordingly.
Rosenthal and Jacobson Pygmalion in the classroom
What effects did Douglas find streaming had on IQ?
What is Gilbourne and Youdells A-C economy?
Douglas found that being placed in either a lower or higher stream at age 8 increased or decreased IQ depending on where you were moved by age 11.
Refers to how schools focus their time and effort on the students they think will pass because it looks good on their league tables.
Gilbourne and Youdell call schools streaming pupils to improve league tables educational triage, what is this?
They separate students into three groups, the ones that are hopeless and doomed to fail anyway so they’re left, the ones that will pass with a bit of help and the ones that don’t need help because they will pass on their own.
Lacey says subcultures develope due to two things, differentiation and polarisation, what are each of these?
Differentiation: the process of teachers categorising pupils according to how they perceive their ability.
Polarisation: the process in which pupils respond to streaming you moving towards one of two opposite poles.
What two subcultures does Lacey outline?
Pro school and Antischool.
Woods identifies 4 types of pupil responses, explain each; Ingratiation: Ritualism: Retreatism: Rebellion:
Ingratiation: Being the 'teachers pet'. Ritualism: Going through the motions and staying out of trouble. Retreatism: Daydreaming and mucking about. Rebellion: Outright rejection of everything the school stands for.
