education 2C key terms

Question 1

Social class

Answer 1

The stratification of different groups based on power, economic wealth, social wealth and cultural wealth.

Question 2

Proxy

Answer 2

A figure that can be used to represent the value of something in a calculation e.g. “FSM is often used as an indicator of economic disadvantage and as a proxy of measuring social class”.

Question 2

Social stratification

Answer 2

The arrangement, categorisation or classification of people into different groups.

Question 3

Free school meals (FSM)

Answer 3

A government initiative which provides children whose parents’ incomes are low and receive income related welfare benefits with a daily meal at school.

Question 4

Disadvantaged pupils

Answer 4

Pupils’ with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND); pupils who meets the criteria for pupil premium funding; looked after or previously looked after children and; those whose parents are in the armed forces.

Question 5

Pupil premium

Answer 5

Funding paid directly to the school to improve education outcomes for disadvantaged pupils. Evidence shows that disadvantaged children generally face additional challenges in reaching their potential at school and often do not perform as well as other pupils.

Question 6

External factors

Answer 6

Factors outside the school explaining class differences in educational achievement e.g. material deprivation, cultural deprivation and cultural capital.

Question 7

Internal factors

Answer 7

Factors inside school explaining class differences in educational achievement e.g. pupil subcultures, self fulfilling prophecy, streaming and labelling and the ‘halo effect’.

Question 8

Material deprivation

Answer 8

Material deprivation is the inability to afford basic resources. This will mean pupils are unable to afford things like sufficient food, heating or clothing and educational resources.

Question 9

Catchment area

Answer 9

The geographical area surrounding the school from which school’s pupils are drawn.

Question 10

Cultural deprivation

Answer 10

Som argue that working-class pupils are likely to be culturally deprived, often because of inadequate socialisation. They argue that the norms and values of many working-class families are not those that lead to getting the best out of the education system.

Question 11

Habitus

Answer 11

A cultural framework and set of ideas linked to a social class. People are socialised into this habitus and then it influences their tastes and choices.

Question 12

Cultural capital

Answer 12

Cultural capital refers to lots of things - it can be knowledge, language, manners, behaviour, attitudes, values, tastes and lifestyles. Cultural capital give the middle class an advantage in the education system.

Question 13

Social capital

Answer 13

The networks and relationships a person possesses based on class membership, which enables them to build and maintain relationships with others.

Question 14

Compensatory education

Answer 14

Compensatory education aims to tackle cultural deprivation by providing extra funds and resources to schools and communities in deprived areas.

Question 15

Positive discrimination

Answer 15

A policy or a programme providing advantages for certain groups of people who are seen to have traditionally been discriminated against to make up for the inequalities they face.