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Education Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Material deprivation

A

Poverty and a lack of material necessities such as adequate housing

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2
Q

3 stages of student classification
(Theorist + explanation)

A

Hargreaves 1975
1. Speculation
2. Elaboration
3. Stabilisation

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3
Q

Ideal pupil (theorist + explanation)

A

Becker 1971
- students judged based on teachers idea of the ideal pupil - often MC children fig this idea best

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4
Q

Pygmalion in the classroom (theorist + and explanation)

A

Rosenthal and Jacobson
- 20% of students were randomly selected and labelled as sputters
- IQ test done at beginning and end of year and those 20% unproved the most

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5
Q

DEA: CLASS - INTERNAL
Banding at beach side comprehensive study
( theorist + explanation)

A

Ball
- bands students were put in often reflected social class
- this reinforced social class inequalities within society as WC children were placed in lower bands who received lower quality teaching and therefore performed worse than MC children in top bands

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6
Q

DEA: CLASS INTERNAL
Educational triage (explanation + theorist)

A

Gilbourn and Youdell:
- students are grouped based on likeliness to pass (reflective of class) : those seen as hopeless were given no help and disregarded and those who had some chance and were on the cusp were given the most help

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7
Q

What are the 2 processes Lacey identified as the reason subcultures emerge

A
  1. Differentiation > teachers categorising pupils according to ability and separating classes (streaming)
  2. Polarisation > pupils respond to streaming by moving towards one of the two opposite extremes (pro / anti school subcultures)
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8
Q

How are pro school subcultures formed

A

Pupils (tends to often be m/c) placed in high streams tend to remain committed to the values of school + gain status through academic success

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9
Q

How are Anti school subcultures formed

A

Pupils placed in lower streams suffered loss of self esteem + pushed them towards a search for an alternative way of gaining status by inverting the schools values

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10
Q

STAT: in 2016 what % of pupils eligible for free school meals families English and maths GCSE

A

50%

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11
Q

DEA CLASS EXTERNAL
Which sociologist identified 4 types of capital and what were they

A

Bourdeiu:
Cultural, educational, economic, social

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12
Q

DEA CLASS EXTERNAL
What does cultural capital refer too + how does it affect achievement pupils

A
  • the knowledge, attitudes, values, taste and ability of the dominant (middle) class in society
  • through socialisation middle class children already obtain the understanding / knowledge of ideas taught in school
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13
Q

DEA CLASS EXTERNAL
What does educational capital refer too + how does it affect achievement of lower class pupils

A
  • middle class parents have a greater understanding of the education system
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14
Q

DEA: CLASS EXTERNAL
Which sociologist identified speech codes as a aspect of cultural deprivation + what are the 2 types

A

Bernstein
Restricted code, elaborated code

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15
Q

DEA: CLASS - EXTERNAL
What are restricted speech codes and how to they affect achievement (Bernstein)

A

Short grammatically simple often unfinished sentences with particularistic meanings so are tied to specific contexts > often used with w/c pupils who then find it more difficult to adapt to the formality of language used in classrooms

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16
Q

DEA: CLASS - EXTERNAL
What for Sugarman say abt the attitudes + values of the w/c

A
  • See the world as an insecure place
  • fatalism > there is nothing you can do to change your position in society
  • immediate gratification > seek rewards now rather than thinking about future rewards
    > working class pupils are likely to adopt these views
17
Q

DEA: CLASS EXTERNAL
What does Douglas say about w/c parental attitudes

A

Less interested in their children’s education as they attend fewer parents evenings

18
Q

DEA: CLASS - EXTERNAL
Who criticises cultural deprivation as an explanation of DEA

A

Kiddie - victim blaming explanation

19
Q

STAT: what % of ofsted “failing” schools are in deprived areas

A

90%

20
Q

DEA: CLASS - EXTERNAL
Housing as an aspect of material deprivation affecting achievement

A

Waldfogel and Washbrook :
Overcrowding, insufficient working pace, living close to high achieving schools

21
Q

DEA: CLASS EXTERNAL
Diet and health as an aspect of material deprivation

A

Howard:
Illness > more absences from school + difficulty concentrating

22
Q

DEA: CLASS EXTERNAL
Financial support + cost of education as an aspect of material deprivation

A

Aviva family finances report (2013):
Hidden cost of sending a child to school per year = £1614

23
Q

DEA: CLASS - EXTERNAL
Fear of debt as an aspect of material deprivation

A

Calendar and Jackson:
Wc students are 5x less likely to apply to university than mc students

24
Q

DEA: ETHNICITY - EXTERNAL
Language as an aspect of ethnicity

A

Office of national statistics:
18% (primary) do not have English as their first language > use of non standard English may be unconsciously penalised > explain why ethic groups with a high proportion speaking English as 2nd language achieve lower > (AN) Chinese perform highest

25
Q

DEA: ETHNICITY - EXTERNAL
Parental attitude as an aspect of ethnicity

A

Vincent et al:
- black m/c parents were particularly concerned + invested in children’s schooling > children work harder to meet prenatal standards + achieve higher

26
Q

DEA: ETHNICITY - INTERNAL
study by Gilbourn and Youdell

A
  • 2x as many white students achieving A-C as black students > due to tiered exams (foundation/higher) > created educational triage where students are categorised based on how they are expected to achieve > disparities were due to racialised expectations
27
Q

DEA: ETHNICITY - INTERNAL
study by Wright

A
  • Asian children excluded from class discussions due to assumption of poor language skills
  • Asian girls disregarded by teachers + and would express open disapproval of culture
  • black Caribbean students expected to be badly behaved + revived more severe punishments
28
Q

DEA: ETHNICITY - INTERNAL
Labelling - Mirza

A
  • racist teachers labelled black girls discouraging them from being ambitious > selective + avoidant to teachers > restricted opportunities and school experience
29
Q

Troyna and Williams definition of institutional racism

A

Discrimination that is built into the way institutions such as schools and colleges operate

30
Q

What is an ethnocentric curriculum

A

Gives priority to the culture and viewpoint of one ethic group disregarding other ethnicities experiences ( focuses on white bristling culture )

31
Q

DEA: ETHNICITY - INTERNAL
What do troyna and Williams say about the ethnocentric curriculum

A
  • meagre teaching of European languages in schools > however Chinese and Indian pupils are still highest performing > students from other ethic backgrounds are at a disadvantage
32
Q

DEA: ETHNICITY - INTERNAL
What does Ball say about the ethnocentric curriculum

A
  • history ignores ethic experience > recreates a mythical age of empire and past glories, celebrating British colonialism while ignoring the history of African and Asian countries
33
Q

What is meant by selection and segregation of schools

A

Schools getting to select pupils based on certain factors

34
Q

DEA: ETHNICITY - INTERNAL
What does Gillborn say about the selection and segregation

A
  • marketisation of education means schools are more selective, putting ethic minority pupils at a disadvantage > application forms only in English, racist bias in interviews > these pupils are forced to go to lower achieving schools

Sociology (3 decks)

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