EDU PSY- Gender

Question 1

Gender Differences

Answer 1

• Males Outscore Females: visual-spatial ability, math. operations, college entrance
• Females Outscore Males: memory, language use

Question 2

Gender differences in school performance: Females

Answer 2

Girls earn higher grades than boys but worry more about their grades
Girls feel less competent in social studies, science, and math
Higher grades may be due to more self-discipline

Question 3

Gender differences on tests of cognition and achievement

Answer 3

A combination of “nature” and “nurture”
Hormonal differences
Differences in brain structure
Differences in socialization patterns

Question 4

Gender Bias

Answer 4

Responding differently to male and female students due to their genders, rather than individual characteristics or needs
- may be due to rewarding gender-stereotyped behavior, gender-role stereotypes of teachers

Question 5

How gender bias affects students

Answer 5

• Course selection (math and science)
• Career Choice
• Self efficacy
• Class participation (fact vs. complex questions, loss of voice)

Question 6

Tips

Answer 6

• Examine your own gender biases
• Remember that group differences do not determine individual differences
  ETC

Question 7

Culture

Answer 7

The way in which a group of people perceives the world; formulates beliefs; evaluates objects, ideas, and experiences; and behavior

Question 8

Melting Pot

Answer 8

Diverse ethnic groups assimilate into one mainstream culture

Question 9

Cultural Pluralism

Answer 9

• A society should strive to maintain the different cultures that reside within it
• Each culture should be respected by others
• Individuals within a society have the right to participate in all aspects of that society without having to give up their cultural identity

Question 10

Ethnic Group

Answer 10

Collection of people who identify with one another on the basis of: Ancestors’ country of origin, Religion, Language, Values

Question 11

Effects of ethnicity on learning

Answer 11

• Verbal communication patterns (govern how adults and children speak to one another and about public speaking)
• Nonverbal communication
  (eye contact)
• Time orientation
  (organizing activities around specific start and stop times)
• Social Values (competition and independence)
• Instructional Formats and Learning Processes (stories, visual etc.)

Question 12

Effect of social class on learning

Answer 12

Compared to children from middle- and upper-SES families, children from low-SES families are more likely to experience:

• Higher dropout rates
• Lower levels of achievement and motivation
• Poor quality health and living conditions
• Disadvantaged family and community environment
• Negative classroom environments

Question 13

effect of ethnicity and social class on teacher expectations

Answer 13

Expectancies are subtly communicated to the students in a variety of ways

• Students behave with teacher expectations
• Middle-class students are expected to receive higher grades than low-SES students, even when their IQ scores and achievement scores are similar
• Minority students are given less attention and are expected to learn less than white or Asian American students