Edpuzzle Unit 3 Transformation of the United States (Industrialization) COPY

Question 1

American Industrialist & philanthropist (donates wealth to improve society) who built a railroad empire in the 19th century.

Answer 1

CORNELIUS VANDERBILT

Question 2

Group of workers who organize in order to negotiate better wages and benefits from business owners

Answer 2

Labor Unions

Question 3

Largest and most influential labor union in the 19th century. Their power and number decline after the violence which resulted from the Haymarket Square Riot of 1886

Answer 3

Knights of Labor

Question 4

Nationwide labor organizion that was founded by Samuel Gompers, a Jewish immigrant. AFL Members were restricted to skilled workers

Answer 4

American Federation of Labor

AFL

Question 5

A process which reduced the cost of making steel by more than 80% percent. As a result it hep to spur economic growth in the United States.

Answer 5

Bessemer Process

Question 6

Created by Samuel Morse in 1844 this invention allowed for the rapid communication over long distance through a seried of electromagnetic pulses.

Answer 6

TELEGRAPH

Question 7

Credited with the invention of the Telephone in 1875

Answer 7

ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL

Question 8

When one oner controls all companies and facilities at one strage of production of a good. I.E. John Rockerfeller who bought up 90% of all the oil refining companies in the US.

Answer 8

Horizontal Integration

Question 9

When a company controls all the stages of the production and distribution (shipping) of a product.

Answer 9

VERTICAL INTEGRATION

Question 10

system characterised by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production. An ideaology popular by many members of labor unions

Answer 10

Socialism

Question 11

rally which was organized by labor radicals to protest the killing and wounding of several workers by the Chicago police during a strike the day before at the McCormick Reaper Works. One of the protester threw dynamite at the police which resulted in the seven police and four protestors. Led to the reduced popularity of labor unions

Answer 11

Haymarket Square riot

Question 12

Steel workers strike at US Steel factory. Strikers were fired by management and “blacklisted” from future employment in the steel industry. Steel workers union collapesed.

Answer 12

Homestead Strike

Question 13

Strike organized by Labor leader Eugene Debs at a Railroad Car company. United States President sent troops to end the strike stating that mail had to be delivered. This event led to the decline of the American Railway Union and another example of Government supporting Business owners over workers.

Answer 13

Pullman Strike

Question 14

Inventor of the railway air brake, which stops all the cars of a train at the same time.

Answer 14

GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE

Question 15

Inventor of many things including the phonograph, light bulb, and motion pictures.

Answer 15

THOMAS EDISON

Question 16

Developed an alternating current (AC) motor which could travel further than a direct current (DC) model. Worked with Thomas Edison before starting his own company.

Answer 16

NICOLA TESLA

Question 17

When a company has total control over an industry. Many were formed in the late 1800s because of the government’s laissezfaire (hands-off) attitude. Companies used the theory of Social Darwinism to justify their unfair business practices.

Answer 17

MONOPOLY

Question 18

Used in textile mills and coal mines especially. Paid less than adults. By 1910, as many as 1 out of every 5 children under 15 years old was working outside the home.

Answer 18

CHILD LABOR

Question 19

1882 law banning Chinese immigration of skilled and unskilled laborers for a period of ten years. The act was periodically renewed and not repealed until 1943.

Answer 19

CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT

Question 20

Japanese government’s (1907-08) agreement to limit emigration of unskilled workers to the U.S. in exchange for the repeal of San Francisco’s segregation order that had separated Japanese children and put them in a separate school.

Answer 20

GENTLEMAN’S AGREEMENT ACT

Question 21

An early reform program that preached salvation through service to the poor. Called on governments, churches, and private charities to work together to help people in need.
50

Answer 21

SOCIAL GOSPEL MOVEMENT

Question 22

Community centers established in “slum” neighborhoods to provide services for immigrants and the urban poor. Services included health care, child care, education, and help with obtaining naturalization. By 1910, about 400 existed. Helped cultivate social responsibility toward the urban poor.

Answer 22

SETTLEMENT HOUSES

Question 23

Powerful groups that controlled the activities of a political party in a city. Gained votes and financial support by offering help to voters and businesses. Helped solve urban problems, but were susceptible to corruption.

Answer 23

POLITICAL MACHINES

Question 24

Law passed by Congress making it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or other countries. Language was vague, limiting its effectiveness.

Answer 24

SHERMAN ANTITRUST ACT OF 1890

Question 25

Series of laws passed in several Midwestern states that shared the same intent: to make pricing of railroad rates more favorable to farmers, small rural farmers in particular. It was a topic of much debate at the time and ended up leading to several important court cases, such as Munn v. Illinois and Wabash v. Illinois .

Answer 25

**GRANGER LAWS**

Question 26

Groups formed to educate farmers about topics such as interest rates on loans and government control of banks and railroads. Membership grew to more than 4 million – leads to the rise of the Populist Party

Answer 26

FARMER'S ALLIANCE

Question 27

Political movement created out of the farmers alliances. Supported: graduated income tax, regulated banks, increase in the money supply, government ownership of railroad and telegraph lines, eight-hour work day, restrictions on immigration, and voting reforms.

Answer 27

**POPULISM**

Question 28

Impassioned speech given by William Jennings Bryan (Democratic nominee for President in the 1896 election). Criticized the monetary policy of the government for being too hard on the farmer; said in the speech that farmers were being crucified on a cross of gold – helped gain him the support of the Populists.

Answer 28

**CROSS OF GOLD SPEECH**

Question 29

Passed in response to the growing complaints of farmers. It required the government to purchase almost twice as much silver as before, and added substantially to the amount of money already in circulation. It threatened to undermine the U.S. Treasury's gold reserves. After the panic of 1893 President Cleveland called a special session of Congress and secured (1893) the repeal of the act.

Answer 29

**SHERMAN SILVER PURCHASE ACT OF 1894**

Question 30

After Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle , the public demanded action. Meat Inspection Act in 1906 regulated the meatpacking industry (until the 1990s). Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906 halted sale of contaminated food and medicines and called for truth in labeling. National

Answer 30

**Food & Drug Administration**

Question 31

Group founded in 1869 by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Pushed for voting rights for women.

Answer 31

**National Women's Suffrage Association**

Question 32

Reestablished the right of the federal government to supervise railroad activities and established an Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to carry out the act. Created over public pressure - railroads were perceived to have abused their power as a result of too little competition. The ICC was not effective since it lacked

Answer 32

**Interstate Commerce Act**

Question 33

Writers who exposed the abuses and corruption of society. Usually caused public outcry for reform. Examples: Upton Sinclair – meatpacking industry Ida Tarbell – Rockefeller’s (Standard Oil) ruthless business practices.

Answer 33

**Muckrakers**