Editable Additional Flashcards
Campsie on Young
- What could be said of Young during the war?
- Profoundly influenced by ‘solidaristic ethic’
- Young broke from the Labour Party in 1930s, dedicating himself to social observation
- Young was critical of Beveridge for being too ‘idealistic’ -> would never achieve in capitalist society.
- Young’s thought - expressed in the rise of the meritocracy - was seen to empower the Crosland revisionism movement. Contrastingly, Crossman was motivated by the findings of Young and Wilmott East End.
Would could be said of the solidaristic British left by 1947?
Michael Young had noted the ‘disillusionment of many formerly enthusiastic supporters of the labour party’
What were some views on the council estate model?
Priestley - deeply ambivalent: whilst eroding social inequality, he noted that they lacked ‘zest, in gusto, flavour, bite, drive, originality.’ He derided the American nature of the model.
George Orwell echoed these sentiments.
What does Andrew Homer argue?
- New towns were designed to achieve social balance, but this was rejected by the middle class (and TSE the working class)
- Government officials such as Bevan attempted to push through a romantic idea of inter-class socialism through means of adoption of US models of neighbourhoods.
- Ruth Glass - Middlesbrough study - found the romantic side wanting.
- Crawley New Town - MC refused to move to. Rector of Crawley saw this as a potential crisis of leadership.
Hannah Gavron
- The Captive Wife: mothers of Kentish Town
- committed suicide aged 29, leaving the gas oven on.
- Son, Jeremy, wrote a memoir there after (she died when he was 4).
- Father refused to talk of suicide - remarrying and hiding all photos.
- Took her life after being rejected by a gay man - failed affair.
- Jeremy’s book - woman on the edge of time - stating that she was torn apart by her own understanding of gender and that expected of her.
- Captive Housewife: 48 MC wives interviewed in LondonRefutes the basis of Young and Wilmott. ‘Mum’ - no longer a dominant figure in the extended family.
- 54% of WC couples shared housework. Only 21% of MC. IMPORTANT.
- Claims to be qualitative, but still v quantitative.
What does Daniel Miller also show an interest in?
Material culture- contributor in the handbook of material culture.
What is Dennis Chapman’s The Home and Social Status?
An investigation of the British working class domesticity in the 20th century. Design was seen as something which could improve someone’s life. Recognised the role of women in the construction and maintenance of the home - suggesting far too little attention had been placed on this area.
Summarise the findings of Phoenix Rising?
WWII resettlement and slum clearance was socially disruptive.
Regenerated towns were optimistically referred to as ‘boom towns’
Late 1960s and 1970s saw the exposure of corruption among high profile architects and municipal politicians.
Rebuilding of civic centres was recognised as an achievement of ordinary WC people, and the rebuilt centres were understood as places that should ands could provide for their needs.
Vision of an alternative city - social justice endured long after the boom cities of 1967 became a byword for decline.
What does Stefan Ramsden contend, through his analysis of Beverley?
Pushes back against the idea of the rise of privatism, or the ‘magnified domesticity’ of people in the postwar period. Pointing to evidence from Beverley interviews, rising affluence, living standards, new cultural and social freedoms saw individuals pursue a more expansive sociability which was nevertheless anchored in the locality. Continuities in working class traditions. This follows trend of many sociologists and geographers rediscovering and rehabilitating community as a concept. For the working classes, local networks remain crucial for everyday sociability and support.
What is the premise of Rise of the Meritocracy?
Dystopian society in which intelligence and merit become central to society. It satirised the tripartite system of education.
Young was disappointed by the fact that merit was adopted into English language with none of the negative connotations he designed it to have.
2001 - Guardian - noted disappointment with the book.
Claimed that education put a seal of authority on a minority, and a seal of disapproval on the majority.
What does Owen Jones charge about Thatcher?
Moment of the demonisation of the working classes, turning away from the aspirational project of the Left. G
What is the process of stock transfer policy?
Movement of public housing from the local authority to a not-for-profit private housing association.
What does the process of stock transfer policy lead to?
A decisive shift towards monopolistic private landlordism - with public control and accountability fading away over time.
As Smith points out, there is room for tenant and civil society opposition, to challenge and in other circumstances transcend the neoliberal housing policies of the state.
What was the rate of council house occupancy in 1979 versus 2000?
1979 - 29% homes rented from local authorities
2000 - 14%
How did the privatisation of housing work?
- Right to Buy
- Large Scale Voluntary Transfers (LSVTs) of stock from local authorities to housing associations. LSVTs, according to Ginsburg, could see hugely variable rent regimes.
Savage - the rise and fall of class analysis in British sociology
- 1950-75: Heroic approach to class in Britain depended on emphasising the role of the working class as agents of progressive social change. Whilst powerful, it locked class analysis into a historical moment which was fast being eclipsed given the scale of deindustrialisation in Britain during this period.
- 1975-2000: Class analysis faded in Britain as white, male, industrial working class took a back seat in shaping British society.
- 2000-: revival in cultural class analysis; influenced by Pierre Bourdieu.
Who criticised the concept of class as tired in 1982?
Zygmunt Bauman
Why did the role of class diminish in importance from the 1970s onwards?
Movement away from solidaristic and cohesive words through neoliberal shift towards a marketised economy from the 1970s. Inevitable that the dramatic de-industrialisation of Britain from the 1970s onwards with deregulation and marketisation of public services could be understood as undermining class and the heroic age
What could be said of Goldthorpe?
1960s-70s: part of heroic generation of class writers. Affluent Worker - pre-cupped with understanding the working classs, and his argument that they had not become middle class was a bedrock of sociological analysis thereafter.
Later 1970s: shifted focus. Class seen in more scientific terms from the nature of employment relationships. This was a critical move. Indeed, insisted on individualist assumptions which his class schema embedded, to distance from the heroic generation.
Goldthorpe’s new class scheme, operationalised along measures of occupation and employment status, allowed transnational comparisons.
Famously, Anthony Heath used this schema to analyse the electoral weakness of the Labour Party during the 1980s.
SAVAGE CHARGES THAT GOLDTHORPE’S APPROACH CAME AT THE COST OF REDUCING A SPECIFICALLY VARIABLE WHICH LOST ITS CAPACITY TO ENGAGE WITH THE PUBLIC AND POLITICAL QUESTIONS OF THE DAY.
What was the birth outside of marriage rate in 1960 vs 1990?
1960 - 8%
1990 - 36%
What is the argument presented by Pat Ayers?
Masculinities in Liverpool
- Pre-War cultures of casual IM’s persisted and were incorporated into class and gendered understandings of manhood.
- Relative security of employment and income meant that planning expenditure was possible.
- Work offered greater opportunity for socialising on the job, which made the need to socialise in free time less necessary.
John Welshman - Rhetoric and Reality
Antecedents of community mental health services can be located in earlier documents including the Wood Report on mental deficiency, it was from the mid-1950s that the ministry of health and DHSS actively promoted a policy of community care.
Reflected concerns about the institutions as well as the pharmacological revolution.