Edema (Kirila) Flashcards
Define: lymphedema
Impaired fluid return to the lymphatic system due to hereditary or secondary causes– i.e. crush injuries and tropical infections
How is CHF related to edema?
Pulmonary edema occurs in advanced CHF
Distinguish between pitting versus non-pitting edema
Non-pitting: no appreciable indentation when pressure is applied; due to underlying metabolic disease such as thyroid or lymphatic system disease
Pitting: associated with underlying organ dysfunction (i.e. heart, kidney, liver)
What are five signs of CHF?
Exertional dyspnea Orthopnea Paroxysmal dyspnea S3 Bilateral crackles
Define: anasarca
Massive generalized edema
What are some extrinsic factors that may contribute to edema?
Sodium intake, sedentary lifestyle, increase calorie intake, NSAIDs, other medications, excess alcohol intake
What type of edemas cannot be tx with diuretics?
Lymphedema or lipidema
Define: lipidema
Fat cells grow and proliferate resulting in fluid retention around the cells. Can be localized or generalized as seen with morbid obesity
How do you tx lymphedema?
Elevation and compression (i.e. compression sleeves/wrapes)
Gentle exercise may help but may be difficult until the lymphedema lessens
How do localized versus generalized edemas differ?
Localized: due to venus obstruction or lymphatic obstruction
Generalized: systemic causes– i.e. due to HF and renal disease
What is the most common cause of lymphedema worldwide?
Filarial infection
How do you tx lipide?
Weight loss
Compression, gentle exercise and elevation may provide some relief.
What sx might suggest a dx of nephrotic syndrome?
Puffy eyes and puffy ankles Skin appear puffy Abdominal distention/fluid Weakness Anorexia, Sense of feeling sick High cholesterol
What might you include in a ddx for edema?
CHF, PE, pneumonia, nephrotic syndrome, venous stasis
