Edema Flashcards
<p>Edema</p>
<p>Accumulation of abnormal fluids in the intercellular/interstitial fluid comparment --> swelling of subcutaneous tissues</p>
<p>What mechanisms control edema?</p>
<p>1) Starling's forces
2) lymphatic obstruction
3) vascular permeability
4) cardiovascular function
5) overall fluid balance
6) salt retention</p>
<p>Describe Starling's Law</p>
<p>The movement of fluid between vessels and tissue is governed by 4 forces!</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>Describe for 4 Starling forces and their net fluid movement relative to the blood vessel:</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>1) Hydrostatic pressure in vessel (32 arterial to 12 venous) - OUT
2) Oncotic pressure - colloïde osmotic pressure of plasma (reflects the amount of serum protein - albumin) - IN
3) Interstitial fluid pressure (tissue retention) - 3-4 mmHg - IN
4) Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure (very low) - OUT</p>
<p>What are the four main types of edema?</p>
<p>Hydrostatic, Oncotic, Inflammatory/Traumatic, and Lymphedema</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>What causes hydrostatic edema?</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>Increase in intravascular hydrostatic pressure (due to increase venous pressure)</p>
<p>What causes pulmonary/oncotic edema?</p>
<p>Decrease in colloid osmotic pressure of plasma due to hypoproteinemia</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>What causes inflammatory/traumatic edema?</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>The vascular bed becomes leaky following an injury to the endothelium.</p>
<p>What causes lymphedema?</p>
<p>Lymphatic obstruction (increases interstitial oncotic pressure)</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>What are the two types of congestive heart failure?</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>Right side -> peripheral edema
Left side -> lung edema</p>
<p>What diseases are associated with an incrase in intravascular hydrostatic pressure?</p>
<p>Congestive heart failure and deep venous thrombosis of lower legs</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>What diseases are associated with a fall in colloid osmotic pressure?</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>Liver disease (cirrhosis); decreased synthesis of albumin
Renal failure due to loss of albumin
Malnutrition</p>
<p>What diseases are associated with lymphatic obstructions?</p>
<p>Cancer, inflammation, post-surgical lyphedema.</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>What are the diseases associated with sodium retention?</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>Kidney disease.</p>
<p>What are the causes of local edemas?</p>
<p>(1) increased hydrostatic pressure due to vascular obstruction and (2) lymphatic obstruction via tumour or inflammation.</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>What are the causes of generalized edems?</p>
<p class=”large” style=”text-align:center”;>(1) increased hydrostatic pressure, (2) decreased colloid osmotic pressure due to loss of albumin, and (3) errors in sodium retention.</p>