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AN SPI VOCAB > EDELMAN HINTS > Flashcards

EDELMAN HINTS Flashcards

1
Q

IS PRP RELATED TO PERIOD?

A

NO, PRP IS RELATED ONLY TO DEPTH OF VIEW

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2
Q

IS PRF RELATED TO FREQUENCY?

A

NO, IT IS RELATED ONLY TO DEPTH OF VIEW

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3
Q

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU ADJUST IMAGING DEPTH?

A

THE SYSTEM CHANGES THE PRP, PRF AND DUTY FACTOR

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4
Q

WHICH IS ALWAYS HIGHER: SPATIAL PEAK INTENSITY OR SPATIAL AVERAGE INTENSITY?

A

SPATIAL PEAK INTENSITY

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5
Q

WHICH IS THE MOST RELEVANT INTENSITY WITH RESPECT TO TISSUE HEATING?

A

SPTA

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6
Q

WHAT IS PRP DIRECTLY RELATED TO?

A

MAXIMUM IMAGING DEPTH

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7
Q

WHAT IS PRF INVERSELY RELATED TO?

A

IT IS INVERSELY RELATED TO MAXIMUM IMAGING DEPTH

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8
Q

WHAT KIND OF BANDWIDTH OCCURS WITH LONG DURATION EVENTS?

A

NARROW BANDWIDTH

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9
Q

WHAT KIND OF BANDWIDTH OCCURS WITH SHORT DURATION EVENTS?

A

WIDE BANDWIDTH

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10
Q

WHAT KIND OF Q FACTOR IS WITH A SHORTER, DAMPENED PULSE?

A

LOWER Q FACTOR

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11
Q

WHAT KIND OF Q FACTOR IS WITH LONGER, UNDAMPED PULSE?

A

HIGHER Q FACTOR

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12
Q

WHAT DOES BEAM DIAMETER EQUAL AT THE TRANSDUCER?

A

IT EQUALS THE TRANSDUCER

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13
Q

WHAT DOES THE BEAM DIAMETER EQUAL AT THE FOCUS?

A

IT IS ONE-HALF TRANSDUCER DIAMETER

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14
Q

WHAT DOES BEAM DIAMETER EQUAL AT 2 NEAR ZONE LENGTHS?

A

IT EQUALS THE TRANSDUCER DIAMETER

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15
Q

WHAT DOES BEAM DIAMETER EQUAL AT DEEPER THAN 2 NEAR ZONE LENGTHS?

A

IT IS WIDER THAN TRANSDUCER DIAMETER

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16
Q

WHAT DO LARGER TRANSDUCER DIAMETERS AND HIGH FREQUENCY SOUND PRODUCE?

A

A BEAM WITH LESS DIVERGENCE

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17
Q

WHAT IS AXIAL RESOLUTION RELATED TO?

A

SPATIAL PULSE LENGTH

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18
Q

WHY IS LATERAL RESOLUTION IMPROVED IN THE FAR FIELD?

A

BECAUSE HIGH FREQUENCY PULSES DIVERGE LESS IN THE FAR FIELD THAN LOW FREQUENCY PULSES.

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18
Q

WHY IS LATERAL RESOLUTION IMPROVED IN THE FAR FIELD?

A

BECAUSE HIGH FREQUENCY PULSES DIVERGE LESS IN THE FAR FIELD THAN LOW FREQUENCY PULSES.

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19
Q

WHAT DOES PHASED ARRAY MEAN?

A

ADJUSTABLE OR MULTIPLE FOCUSING

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20
Q

OF THE 3 MODES, M-MODE IS UNIQUE IN THAT IT DOES WHAT?

A

PROVIDING INFORMATION ABOUT A REFLECTOR’S CHANGING LOCATION WITH RESPECT TO TIME

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21
Q

WHAT HAPPENS TO IMAGE WHEN A SINGLE CRYSTAL TRANSDUCER BREAKS?

A

THE ENTIRE IMAGE IS LOST

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22
Q

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE IMAGE IN ANNULAR PHASED ARRAY IF AN ELEMENT MALFUNCTIONS?

A

A HORIZONTAL BAND OF DROPOUT OCCURS (INNERMOST RING DROPS OUT = MOST SUPERFICIAL REGION LOST, OUTER RING DROPS OUT = DEEPER REGION IS LOST)

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23
Q

WHAT DOES MULTI-FOCUSING DO TO LATERAL RESOLUTION?

A

IT IMPROVES LATERAL RESOLUTION

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24
Q

WHAT DOES HIGHER LINE DENSITY DO TO SPATIAL RESOLUTION?

A

IT IMPROVES SPATIAL RESOLUTION

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25
Q

WHAT IS THE ALPHABETICAL ORDER OF RECEIVER FUNCTIONS?

A 
AMPLIFICATION
COMPENSATION
COMPRESSION
DEMODULATION
REJECT
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26
Q

HOW CAN YOU DESCRIBE SPATIAL RESOLUTION?

A

IMAGE DETAIL

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27
Q

WITH WRITE MAGNIFICATION, HOW MAY TEMPORAL RESOLUTION BE IMPROVED?

A

IF THE BOTTOM OF THE REGION OF INTEREST IS SHALLOWER THAN THE ORIGINAL IMAGE’S DEPTH OF VIEW

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28
Q

WHERE DOES HARMONIC FREQUENCY SOUND ARISE?

A

NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR

29
Q

WHAT IS ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE REPORTED IN?

A

UNITS OF OHMS

30
Q

WHAT ARE THE RESISTANCE VESSELS CALLED IN THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM?

A

ARTERIOLES

31
Q

WHAT IS THE ULTRASOUND RANGE FOR DOPPLER?

A

20 HZ TO 20,000 HZ (IN THE RANGE OF AUDIBLE SOUND)

32
Q

WHAT DOES X-AXIS REPRESENT ON DOPPLER?

A

TIME

33
Q

WHAT DOES Y AXIS REPRESENT ON DOPPLER?

A

DOPPLER SHIFT / VELOCITY

34
Q

WHY IS THE PROCESS OF CALCULATING VELOCITIES FROM MEASURED DOPPLER SHIFTS NOT OBVIOUS TO THE SONOGRAPHER?

A

THE CALCULATED VELOCITIES WILL BE IDENTICAL, REGARDLESS OF THE TRANSDUCER FREQUENCY

35
Q

WHAT HAPPENS WITH ANGLES OTHER THAN 0 AND 180?

A

ONLY A PORTION OF THE TRUE VELOCITY IS MEASURED

36
Q

WHICH VELOCITIES ARE HIGHER: ARTERIAL OR VENOUS?

A

ARTERIAL

37
Q

WHAT CAN DEDICATED CONTINUOUS WAVE TRANSDUCERS DO?

A

WITH THEIR INCREASED SENSITIVITY THEY CAN DETECT LOW AMPLITUDE REFLECTIONS AND SMALL DOPPLER SHIFTS

38
Q

HOW IS THE STEERING CHARACTERISTICS OF A PARTICULAR ELECTRICAL PATTERN IDENTIFIED?

A

BY DRAWING A LINE THAT CONNECTS THE ELECTRICAL SPIKES.

39
Q

HOW IS THE SOUND BEAM DIRECTED WHEN THE SPIKE LINE IS HORIZONTAL?

A

DOWNWARD

40
Q

HOW IS THE SOUND BEAM CONTROLLED WHEN THE SPIKE LINE HAS A SLOPE?

A

IT IS STEERED

41
Q

HOW IS THE SOUND BEAM FEATURED IF THE SPIKE PATTERN IS STRAIGHT?

A

UNFOCUSED

42
Q

HOW IS THE SOUND BEAM FEATURED IF THE SPIKE PATTERN IS CURVED?

A

FOCUSED

43
Q

HOW DO YOU DETERMINE BEAM STEERING?

A

DRAW A LINE FROM THE FAR LEFT TO THE FAR RIGHT SPIKE, DIRECTION OF STEERING IS PERPENDICULAR TO THIS LINE

44
Q

HOW DOES LATERAL RESOLUTION IMPROVE?

A

WITH MULTI-FOCUSING

45
Q

HOW DOES SPATIAL RESOLUTION IMPROVE?

A

WITH HIGHER LINE DENSITY

46
Q

CAN OUTPUT POWER ALONE MAKE AN IMAGE OF UNIFORM BRIGHTNESS FROM TOP TO BOTTOM?

A

NO

47
Q

WHAT ARE THE 5 RECEIVER OPERATIONS?

A

AMPLIFICATION, COMPENSATION, COMPRESSION, DEMODULATION, REJECT

48
Q

CAN AMPLIFICATION ALONE MAKE AN IMAGE OF UNIFORM BRIGHTNESS FROM TOP TO BOTTOM?

A

NO

49
Q

WHAT IS SPATIAL RESOLUTION?

A

IMAGE DETAIL

50
Q

WITH WRITE MAGNIFICATION, HOW MAY TEMPORAL RESOLUTION BE IMPROVED?

A

IF THE BOTTOM OF THE REGION OF INTEREST IS SHALLOWER THAN THE ORIGINAL IMAGE’S DEPTH OF VIEW

51
Q

HOW DOES HARMONIC FREQUENCY ARISE?

A

FROM NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR

52
Q

WHAT DOES ELIMINATING ALIASING DO?

A

IT IMPROVES THE ABILITY TO MEASURE THE MAXIMUM VELOCITY WITH DOPPLER

53
Q

WHAT DOES COLOR DOPPLER MEASURE?

A

MEAN VELOCITY

54
Q

WHAT DOES SPECTRAL DOPPLER (PW & CW) MEASURE?

A

PEAK VELOCITY

55
Q

WHAT IS ON THE LEFT SIDE OF A VARIANCE MAP?

A

LAMINAR FLOW (RIGHT IS TURBULENT FLOW)

56
Q

WHAT DO THE COLORS MEAN ON A VARIANCE MODE MAP?

A

THE COLORS CAN CHANGE SIDE TO SIDE AS WELL AS UP AND DOWN

57
Q

WHAT DO REVERBERATIONS RESEMBLE?

A

VENETIAN BLIND

58
Q

WHAT CAN SHADOWS PROVIDE?

A

VALUABLE INFORMATION TO HELP CHARACTERIZE TISSUE

59
Q

IS SHADOWING RELATED TO THE SPEED OF SOUND IN A MEDIUM?

A

NO IT IS NOT, IT’S UNRELATED

60
Q

WHAT IS THE OPPOSITE OF SHADOWING?

A

ENHANCEMENT ARTIFACT

61
Q

IS ENHANCEMENT ARTIFACT RELATED TO THE SPEED OF SOUND IN A MEDIUM?

A

NO, IT IS UNRELATED.

62
Q

WHAT DO LOBE ARTIFACTS DEGRADE?

A

LATERAL RESOLUTION

63
Q

WHAT DOES AXIAL RESOLUTION ARTIFACT CREATE?

A

ONE REFLECTION ON THE IMAGE FROM 2 CLOSELY SPACED REFLECTORS

64
Q

NAME THREE TYPES OF DOPPLER PHANTOMS

A

VIBRATING STRING
MOVING BELT
FLOW PHANTOM

65
Q

WITH PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENTS, HOW IS SENSITIVITY ASSESSED BY THE SONOGRAPHER?

A

WHEN THEY ADJUST THE SYSTEM CONTROLS TO CHANGE ECHO BRIGHTNESS FROM BARELY VISIBLE TO FULL BRIGHTNESS (SATURATION)

66
Q

WHAT IS THE ACCURACY OF REFLECTOR DEPTH POSITIONING IN A-MODE, B-MODE AND 2-D IMAGING CALLED?

A

DEPTH CALIBRATION

67
Q

WHAT DOES AXIAL RESOLUTION USE FOR AN EVALUATION?

A

PINS THAT ARE PARALLEL TO THE SOUND BEAM

68
Q

WHAT SHOULD ADJUSTMENTS TO THE OUTPUT POWER AND AMPLIFICATION OF THE SYSTEM ALTER?

A

THE APPEARANCE ON A SINGLE DISPLAY DEVICE AND ALL OUTPUT DEVICES

69
Q

WHAT DOES ADJUSTMENTS ON A SINGLE DISPLAY DEVICE (SUCH AS BRIGHTNESS OR CONTRAST OF A MONITOR) ALTER?

A

THE IMAGE ON THAT PARTICULAR DEVICE ONLY

AN SPI VOCAB (7 decks)

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