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AN SPI VOCAB > CH. 15-REST FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS > Flashcards

CH. 15-REST FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

HOW DO YOU DESCRIBE THE PRP?

A

THE SUM OF THE PULSE’S ON TIME AND THE LISTENING OFF TIME

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2
Q

DO ALL SOUND WAVES TRAVEL IN THE SAME MEDIUM AT IDENTICAL SPEEDS?

A

YES

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3
Q

WHAT ESTABLISHES THE PRF?

A

THE SOURCE OF THE SOUND

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4
Q

WHAT IS THE TYPICAL VALUE FOR THE DUTY FACTOR OF PULSED SOUND WAVES USED IN U/S?

A

0.001

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5
Q

WITH PULSED U/S WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM VALUE OF THE DUTY FACTOR?

A

LESS THAN 100% (100% WOULD MEAN CONTINUOUS WAVE)

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6
Q

WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF DESCRIBING SOUND BEAM INTENSITIES IN A VARIETY OF WAYS WITH REGARD TO SPACE AND TIME?

A

IT’S IMPORTANT WHEN STUDYING BIOEFFECTS

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7
Q

WHICH INTENSITY IS MOST CLOSELY CORRELATED TO TISSUE HEATING?

A

SPTA (REMEMBER SPCA)

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8
Q

WHAT DETERMINES ATTENUATION?

A

PATH LENGTH AND FREQUENCY OF SOUND

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9
Q

AN ACOUSTIC WAVE IS TRAVELING THROUGH SOFT TISSUE. ITS INTENSITY UNDERGOES 6 DECIBELS OF ATTENUATION. HOW DOES THE FINAL INTENSITY OF THE WAVE RELATE TO THE INTENSITY OF THE WAVE WHEN IT STARTED ITS JOURNEY?

A

IT IS NOW ONE-FOURTH AS LARGE (-3 DB IS ONE HALF, ANOTHER -3 WOULD BE ONE FOURTH)

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10
Q

WHEN IS A BOUNDARY CONSIDERED SMOOTH FOR SPECULAR REFLECTION?

A

WHEN IRREGULARITIES IN ITS SURFACE ARE SMALLER THAN THE WAVELENGTH OF THE INCIDENT ULTRASONIC BEAM

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11
Q

A SOUND WAVE REACHES A ROUGH OR IRREGULAR BORDER BETWEEN TWO MEDIA. UNDER THESE EXPLICIT CIRCUMSTANCES, WHICH PROCESS IS MOST LIKELY TO OCCUR?

A

BACKSCATTER / DIFFUSE REFLECTION (BOUNDARIES HAS IRREGULARITIES THAT ARE LARGER THAN THE WAVELENGTH OF THE INCIDENT ACOUSTIC PULSE, SO THE REFLECTIONS ARE DISPERSED IN MULTIPLE DIRECTIONS)

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12
Q

WHAT IS THE UNIFORM DISPERSION OF A SOUND WAVE IN MANY DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS AFTER STRIKING A VERY SMALL PARTICLE?

A

RAYLEIGH SCATTERING (THE DIMENSION OF THE REFLECTING PARTICLE IS USUALLY LESS THAN THE WAVELENGTH OF THE U/S WAVE) EX: BLOOD CELLS

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13
Q

HOW IS RAYLEIGH SCATTERING EXPRESSED?

A

FREQUENCY RAISED TO THE FOURTH POWER

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14
Q

WHAT IS THE CONVERSION OF ACOUSTIC ENERGY INTO HEAT CALLED?

A

ABSORPTION

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15
Q

WHAT IS THE AMOUNT OF ATTENUATION PER CM THAT A SOUND WAVE UNDERGOES CALLED?

A

ATTENUATION COEFFICIENT

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16
Q

WHAT HAS LOWEST ATTENUATION OF U/S?

A

WATER

17
Q

WHAT HAS SECOND LOWEST ATTENUATION OF U/S?

A

BLOOD

18
Q

WHAT HAS THIRD LOWEST ATTENUATION OF U/S?

A

FAT

19
Q

WHAT HAS FOURTH LOWEST ATTENUATION OF U/S?

A

MUSCLE

20
Q

WHAT HAS FIFTH LOWEST ATTENUATION OF U/S?

A

BONE

21
Q

WHAT HAS HIGHEST ATTENUATION OF U/S?

A

AIR

22
Q

ARE ATTENUATION AND PROPAGATION RELATED?

A

NO

23
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO ATTRIBUTES OF ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE OF A MEDIUM?

A

DENSITY AND STIFFNESS

24
Q

THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE DIRECTION OF PROPAGATION AND THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN 2 MEDIA IS 90 DEGREES. WHAT TERM DESCRIBES THE FORM OF INCIDENCE OF THE WAVE?

A

ORTHOGONAL

25
Q

WHAT ARE SYNONYMS FOR ORTHOGONAL?

A

AT RIGHT ANGLES, 90 DEGREES, NORMAL, PERPENDICULAR

26
Q

A SOUND WAVE STRIKES A BOUNDARY BETWEEN 2 MEDIA AT 60 D AND IS CALLED WHAT?

A

OBLIQUE INCIDENCE

27
Q

HOW IS THE INTENSITY TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENT DEFINED?

A

THE PERCENTAGE OF AN U/S BEAM’S INTENSITY THAT IS TRANSMITTED AS THE SOUND WAVE PASSES THROUGH A BOUNDARY BETWEEN 2 MEDIA (NO UNITS USED!)

28
Q

WHAT RESULTS WHEN REFLECTED INTENSITY IS DIVIDED BY INCIDENT INTENSITY?

A

INTENSITY REFLECTION COEFFICIENT

29
Q

WHAT RESULTS WHEN THE INTENSITY TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENT AND THE INTENSITY REFLECTION COEFFICIENT ARE ADDED TOGETHER?

A

THEY EQUAL 1 OR 100%

30
Q

WHAT DOES THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY STATE?

A

THE SUM OF THE PERCENTAGE OF TRANSMITTED SOUND AND THE REFLECTED SOUND EQUALS 100%

31
Q

UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF ORTHOGONAL/NORMAL INCIDENCE, WHAT DOES REFLECTION DEPEND ON?

A

DIFFERENCES IN THE ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCES OF THE MEDIA ON EITHER SIDE OF THE BOUNDARY

32
Q

WHAT DO GREATER DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 2 IMPEDANCES CREATE?

A

STRONGER REFLECTIONS (SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT IMPEDANCES WILL PRODUCE WEAK REFLECTIONS)

33
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: LARGER REFLECTIONS OCCUR WITH GREATER IMPEDANCE DIFFERENCES

A

TRUE

AN SPI VOCAB (7 decks)

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