Ed Flashcards
What evidence is there for lacking authority of Ed with regards to there being a mid-Tudor crisis?
- Kett’s and Western rebellion of 1549. Motivated both by religious and economic reasons, emphasising the scale of grievances. This allowed for Northumberland to overthrow Somerset which also suggests political instability.
- The succession crisis; shows the most instability, as it provided a genuine existence to the Tudor dynasty.
What significant failure were there in foreign policy under Ed which would reflect a mid Tudor crisis?
- Somerset’s policy in Scotland caused economic instability; £580,000 in two years alone.
- Somerset failed to prevent the dynastic union between France and Scotland, Mary escapes in 1548 to marry the Dauphin.
How can it be argued that there was economic stability under Edward which would suggest that there was no mid-Tudor crisis?
- There was a positive economic impact under Northumberland’s policies, selling Boulogne for £133,333.
- By 1551 England was stable after the continuous debasements under Henry and Somerset, suggests that the economic problems were short term.
How can it be argued that there was social stability and therefore no mid-Tudor crisis?
-With the exception of the Western rebellion, there was little vocal opposition to Somerset’s religious policy, and no large-scale response to Northumberland’s prayer book in 1552.
How can it be argued that there was increased stability in foreign policy in Edward’s reign that would suggest there was no mid-Tudor crisis?
- Restoration of relationship under the treaty of Boulogne in 1550, increase in national and economic security.
- Northumberland ends war with Scotland and abandons remaining garrisons, french troops are withdrawn.
What term could be used to evaluate the argument of a mid-Tudor crisis?
Trauma and survival
What were Northumberland’s economic aims?
- Ro end Debasement
- To reduce crown expenditure
- To ‘have his majesty out of debt.’
What did Northumberland to with reference to sheep and farming?
- Repealed Somerset’s sheep tax in 1550
- Enforced anti-enclosure legislation
- Taxed all land converted from grain farming to pasture
What did Northumberland do with regards to debasement?
May-August, succumbed to one final debasement raising £114,000.
Coinage called in and reissued with the silver content the same as it had been in 1527.
This did leave the crown bankrupt by 1552, but with new reforms in place for new revenue streams which proved more effective under Mary.
What happened with regards to the cloth trade under Northumberland?
Drop in exports in the summer of 1551, causing unemployment in East Anglia and the West of England.
Cloth trade in London decreased massively- £132,000 in 1550 to £85,000 in 1552
What was trade and exploration like under Northumberland?
Trade routes were expanded, they were trading with the Gold Coast by 1553.
Hugh Willoughby sets up trading links with the Tsar if Muscovy; establishes the Muscovy company.
How was revenue increased under Northumberland?
- Sir Thomas Gresham manipulated the value of foreign loans, making it cheaper for the english to pay back.
- Government expenditure was cut
- crown lands were sold
what were Northumberlands social policies?
A new poor Law in 1552: greater responsibility to Parishes.
contributions to poor relief were compulsory.
what was the military expenditure under Somerset?
£1,386,687 of which £580,393 had been spent in Scotland.
Parliamentary taxation was only £335,988
What was Somerset’s poor law act?
Vagrancy act of 1547, vagrants could be branded with a V and sold into slavery for two years.
It provided for the (deserving) poor.
children forced into manual labour
