Eczema - Other Flashcards
Eczema is an inflammatory skin condition that causes dry skin, itchy skin, rashes, scaly patches, blisters and skin infections. Which of the following is the 2nd most common form of eczema?
1 - atopic dermatitis
2 - idiopathic eczema/dermatitis
3 - microbial eczema/dermatitis
4 - seborrheic eczema/dermatitis
4 - seborrheic eczema/dermatitis
- a form of chronic but mild eczema, not as severe as atopic dermatitis
- there are infantile and adult forms
Seborrheic eczema/dermatitis is the 2nd most common form of eczema. Typically, what is the primary cause of this?
1 - autoimmune reaction
2 - sebum overproduction and commensal yeast Malassezia
3 - mutations in filaggrin gene epidermal barrier function
4 - transepidermal water loss
2 - sebum overproduction and commensal yeast Malassezia
- common in high sebum producing areas such as large body folds.
Seborrheic eczema/dermatitis is the 2nd most common form of eczema. Is this more common in men or women?
- men
Seborrheic eczema/dermatitis is the 2nd most common form of eczema. This is associated with other conditions, including all of the following EXCEPT which one?
1 - hepatitis
2 - HIV
3 - Parkinson’s
4 - mood disorders
1 - hepatitis
Which of the following is a clinical presentation of Seborrheic eczema/dermatitis?
1 - xerosis
2 - Icthyosis vulgaris
3 - Keratosis pilaris
4 - bran-like to flaky greasy scales
4 - bran-like to flaky greasy scales
- all others are associated with atopic dermatitis
Major difference:
- Seborrheic eczema/dermatitis =oliy/greasy
- atopic dermatitis = dry
Which of the following locations is Seborrheic eczema/dermatitis least likely to be commonly found?
1 - scalp and face
2 - ears
3 - pre-sternal areas
4 - palmer surfaces
4 - palmer surfaces
- typically low levels of sebum here so unlikely to present
- mild to moderate discomfort and rarely extensive
When does infantile seborrheic eczema/dermatitis typically begin?
1 - <12 months
2 - <3 months
3 - <1 month
4 - <1 week
4 - <1 week
- can persist for months
What is the term commonly used for seborrheic eczema/dermatitis in infants?
1 - tinea capitis
2 - atopic march
3 - cradle cap
4 - impetigo cap
3 - cradle cap
- typically because it affects the head
- other lesions are uncommon but can occur
Cradle cap is used to describe infantile seborrheic eczema/dermatitis. What can the lesions become superinfected with?
1 - staphylococcus aureus
2 - streptococcus
3 - candida
4 - aspergillus
3 - candida
Which of the following is NOT true about seborrheic eczema/dermatitis when compared with atopic dermatitis?
1 - earlier age of onset
2 - distribution
3 - more inflammation
4 - absence of pruritus (ithcyness), irritability and sleeplessness
5 - irritant diaper dermatitis – spares skin folds
6 - more greasy/oily lesions
3 - more inflammation
- typically less inflammation than atopic dermatitis
In the adult form of Seborrheic eczema/dermatitis, which body part is most commonly affected?
1 - scalp and face
2 - scalp
3 - pre-sternal areas
4 - palmer surfaces
2 - scalp
- can cause dandruff
In adult Seborrheic eczema/dermatitis, the scalp is the main body part affected. Which other body part are most commonly affected?
1 - forehead
2 - medial eyebrows
3 - upper eyelids
4 - nasolabial folds
5 - retroauricular regions
6 - all of the above
6 - all of the above
-typically parts of the head are the areas that are affected
Which of the following does adult seborrheic eczema/dermatitis typically not lead to?
1 - erythroderma
2 - alopecia
3 - folliculitis
4 - meibomitis
5 - intertrigo
1 - erythroderma
- this is a dangerous complication in atopic dermatitis
intertrigo = inflammation of skin due to skin rubbing together
meibomitis = inflammation of the meibomian glands (glands that secrete oil at bottom of eyes) closely related to blepharitis.
Which 2 of the following can typically be used to treat infantile seborrheic eczema/dermatitis?
1 - bathing and emollient application
2 - topical azoles – ketoconazole
3 - low potency topical steroids
4 - topical steroids for acute flares
5 - calcineurin inhibitors
1 - bathing and emollient application
3 - low potency topical steroids
Which 2 of the following is typically used to treat more severe forms of infantile seborrheic eczema/dermatitis?
1 - bathing and emollient application
2 - topical azoles – ketoconazole
3 - low potency topical steroids
4 - topical steroids for acute flares (calcineurin inhibitors)
2 - topical azoles – ketoconazole
4 - topical steroids for acute flares (calcineurin inhibitors)
Asteatotic eczema, is a form of eczema that can cause dry, dull, flaky skin with a cracked appearance. What season is this most commonly observed in?
1 - Spring
2 - Summer
3 - Autumn
4 - Winter
4 - Winter
- common in dry and cold climates
Asteatotic eczema, is a form of eczema that can cause dry, dull, flaky skin with a cracked appearance. Which 2 regions of the body is this common in?
1 - shins
2 - thighs
3 - flanks
4 - head
1 - shins
3 - flanks
Asteatotic eczema, is a form of eczema that can cause dry, dull, flaky skin with a cracked appearance. Which age group does this typically affect?
1 - infants
2 - children
3 - adults
4 - elderly
4 - elderly
- ageing is a contributing factor
Asteatotic eczema, is a form of eczema that can cause dry, dull, flaky skin with a cracked appearance. Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to asteatotic eczema?
1 - aging,
2 - gender
3 - xerosis (dry skin)
4 - low humidity
5 - regular bathing
2 - gender
Asteatotic eczema, is a form of eczema that can cause dry, dull, flaky skin with a cracked appearance. Dysfunction in which layer of the skin typically causes this condition?
1 - statum granulosum
2 - stratum lucidum
3 - stratum corneum
4 - stratum basalis
3 - stratum corneum
Which 2 of the following are typically used to treat Asteatotic eczema?
1 - phototherapy
2 - regular emollients
3 - topical steroids
4 - bleach bathing
2 - regular emollients
3 - topical steroids
- occasional use
Stasis dermatitis is a common type of eczema that develops in people due to what?
1 - ageing
2 - cold temperatures
3 - dysfunctional epidermal surface
4 - venous hypertension
4 - venous hypertension
- essentially poor blood flow
Stasis dermatitis is a common type of eczema that develops in people due topoor blood flow. Which body part is most commonly affected?
1 - head
2 - hands
3 - lower legs
4 - abdomen
3 - lower legs
Can cause:
- varicose ulcer may be seen
- pitting pedal oedema
- stasis purpura, redness
- several bouts - induration
Stasis dermatitis is a common type of eczema that develops in people due topoor blood flow. This can lead to autosensitisation, what is this?
1 - other parts of skin become overly sensitive and develop lesions
2 - anaphylactic emergency
3 - systemic vascular sensitisation to antigens causing inflammation
4 - all of the above
1 - other parts of skin become overly sensitive and develop lesions
Venous stasis is due to poor blood flow in the peripheries. Which of the following does chronic stasis NOT typically cause?
1 - Lipodermatosclerosis
2 - Inverted wine bottle appearance
3 - Atrophie blanche
4 - Erythroderma
5 - Erythema and scaling
6 - Oozing, crusting, Itching
7 - Ulceration
4 - Erythroderma
- severe and potentially life-threatening inflammation of most of the body’s skin surface
Which of the following can be used to treat chronic venous stasis?
1 - Compression bandages /stockings
2 - Calf muscle exercises
3 - General management of eczema
4 - all of the above
4 - all of the above
Nummular dermatitis (also called discoid eczema) is another form of eczema. Which of the following does nummular dermatitis present with?
1 - Coin shaped ,disseminated , eczematous lesions
2 - Very pruritic
3 - Chronic course
4 - Common on extremities
5 - Can be lichenified
6 - Superadded bacterial infection
7 - all of the above
7 - all of the above
- lichenified = thickened and leathery skin
What is disseminated eczema caused by?
1 - broken skin becoming infected
2 - disseminated intravascular coagulation
3 - rhinitis
4 - auto sensitisation
4 - auto sensitisation
- 1 part of body has lesion which then causes systemic lesions
- commonly seen with allergic contact dermatitis and stasis dermatitis
Is disseminated eczema caused by one specific type of eczema?
- no any type of eczema can cause this
Contact dermatitis is a common form of eczema and is causes when the skin comes into contact with external agents. It can cause all of the following except which one?
1 - pigmentary changes
2 - erythroderma
3 - acne
4 - urticaria
5 - phototoxic reactions
6 - eczema
2 - erythroderma
Which 2 of the following are types of contact dermatitis?
1 - irritant contact dermatitis
2 - genetic mutations contact dermatitis
3 - family contact dermatitis
4 - allergic contact dermatitis type IV hypersensitivity
1 - irritant contact dermatitis
2 - allergic contact dermatitis type IV hypersensitivity
There are 2 types of contact dermatitis
- irritant contact dermatitis
- allergic contact dermatitis type IV hypersensitivity
Which of these accounts for 80% of contact dermatitis cases?
- irritant contact dermatitis
Common irritants:
Alkalis, acids ,metal salts
Solvents, alcohols/glycols
Detergents and cleansers
Disinfectants
Plastics –thermoplastics(polyacrylates),thermosettings(epoxy resins),elastomers(synthetic rubbers)
Food and food additives
Water
Bodily fluids
There are 2 types of contact dermatitis, irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. What type of hypersensitivity is this?
1 - I = reaction mediated by IgE antibodies.
2 - II =c ytotoxic reaction mediated by IgG or IgM antibodies.
3 - III = reaction mediated by immune complexes.
4 - IV = delayed reaction mediated by cellular response
4 - IV = delayed reaction mediated by cellular response
- patients are typically already sensitised
In allergic contact dermatitis, is the reaction systemic or well demarcated at the site of contact?
- well demarcated
What is the gold standard for diagnosing allergic contact dermatitis?
1 - skin biopsy
2 - skin irritant diary
3 - patch testing
4 - all of above together
3 - patch testing
- Nickel and poison Ivy –most common
Patch testing is the gold standard to diagnose allergic contact dermatitis with patches applied to the upper back. How long do patients wear these for?
1 - 1 day
2 - 2 days
3 - 4 days
4 - 6 days
2 - 2 days
- the read at 4 days
- maybe some delayed reaction on day 7
- if see things on day 2 maybe an irritant reaction, but day 4 = allergic reaction
How is contact dermatitis treated?
1 - Patient education
2 - Information leaflets
3 - Reading small print
4 - Textile dye dermatitis
5 - Systemic contact dermatitis
6 - Airborne contact dermatitis
7 - CD to prescription medications
8 - all of the above
8 - all of the above
- essentially avoid where possible
