Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 103 > Ectotherms Short Answers > Flashcards

Ectotherms Short Answers Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 4 Key Characteristics of Chordata?

A

Notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits, post anal tail.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the Correlation between Temperature and Metabolism?

A

Typically increased temperature means increased metabolism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 Benefits of Ectothermy?

A

Low metabolic rate, more energy for growth/reproduction, less food/less water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 Disadvantages of Ectothermy?

A

Harder to maintain homeostasis, restricted to warm environments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 2 Benefits of Endothermy?

A

Consistent metabolic rate, able to remain active for long periods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the Major Disadvantage of Endothermy?

A

Costly! MUST EAT!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the Letter ‘A’ Typically Mean?

A

Without.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why do we have a Head?

A

Sensory organs in direction you’re going.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where did the Jaw Originate From?

A

Skeletal rods fusing and fusing to cranium itself.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the Lateral Line System?

A

Pores allow them to sense movement and objects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does Partial Pressure Dictate?

A

Availability of the oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is the Most and Least O2 found?

A

Most in cold freshwater, least in warm seawater.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do Sharks Ventilate?

A

Ram ventilation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do Bony Fish Ventilate?

A

Buccal pump (pushing water across gills).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why do we Need Haemoglobin in Blood?

A

Water has low O2 solubility, blood is mostly water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is Haemoglobin used in Fish?

A

O2 picked up at gills and transported around the body via haemoglobin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why does an Ice Fish not have Haemoglobin?

A

Cold water has so much O2.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why Breath Air?

A

Easier to move than water, greater solubility.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why is Abundant Water needed for Amphibians?

A

Development of young, respiration (moist skin), some salamanders undergo 100% of gas exchange across skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 4 Roles of Venom?

A

Immobilises prey, defensive dry hits, blocks acetylcholine receptors, breaks down lipids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do Animals Detect Hypoxia at the Organ Level?

A

Medulla in brain monitors protons and CO2 levels - ventilation increases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do Animals Detect Hypoxia at the Cellular Level?

A

Molecular signals, bind to DNA -> gene expression.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How do Fish Compensate for Stagnant Water?

A

Branchial arches make blood avoid gills by changing shape of conus arteriosus.

24
Q

How does the Swim Bladder Work?

A

Gas gland produces lactic acid causes haemoglobin to drop its O2, O2 diffuses from gas gland to swim bladder, so fish rises.

25
Q

What are the 3 Reasons to Evolve Lungs?

A

Gills collapse, lamellae stick together, gas exchange surface area reduced.

26
Q

How does the Buccal Pump Work?

A

Floor of mouth drops, pumping air in and inflating lungs.

27
Q

What is the Buccal Pump?

A

A positive pressure pump.

28
Q

What is the Thoracic Pump?

A

A negative pressure pump.

29
Q

How does the Thoracic Pump Work?

A

Diaphragm drops, creating negative pressure - pulling in O2.

30
Q

Why Evolve a Circulatory System?

A

Diffusion is insufficient in higher animals, needed to maintain and support higher metabolic rate.

31
Q

What are the 3 Requirements for a Circulatory System?

A

A pump, conduits (to push liquid around), valves (control flow).

32
Q

What does Pulmonary Mean?

A

Swapped.

33
Q

What are the 3 Key Strategies for Animals with Divided Circulation?

A

Selective distribution, maintenance of differential pressures, redistribute cardiac output.

34
Q

What does Maintenance of Differential Pressures mean?

A

Increase pressure to body, decrease pressure to lungs.

35
Q

How do Crocodiles Create High Pressure in the Lungs?

A

Parizza’s Foramen - to prevent blood going there.

36
Q

What are the 4 Requirements for Swimming Animals?

A

Reduce water resistance, propel themselves through dense medium, control vertical position, maintain orientation and steer.

37
Q

Describe Red Muscle.

A

Aerobic, slow.

38
Q

Describe White Muscle.

A

Anaerobic, sprinting.

39
Q

What is Anguilloform?

A

Eel swimming motion - wave running down body.

40
Q

What is Sub-Carangiform?

A

Slight head movement, large amplitude towards tail.

41
Q

What is Carangiform?

A

Typical fish swimming.

42
Q

What is Thunniform?

A

Only last 1/3 of body moves.

43
Q

Why have Fins?

A

Stops roll, yaw, maintains pitch.

44
Q

What are the 3 Reasons Excretion is Important?

A

Maintains homeostasis in body tissues, removes toxins, maintains osmotic pressure in body.

45
Q

Which Fish are Hyper-Osmotic?

A

Marine fish.

46
Q

Which Fish are Hypo-Osmotic?

A

Freshwater fish.

47
Q

What Type of Kidney does a Freshwater Fish have?

A

Full of nephrons to produce a large amount of urine.

48
Q

What Type of Kidney does a Saltwater Fish have?

A

Focused on water conservation, gets rid of divalent ions (Ca2+).

49
Q

What Type of Kidney does a Land Frog have?

A

Bladder, acts as site of reabsorption to increase water retention.

50
Q

What Type of Kidney does a Water Frog have?

A

Lots of urine, acts like a fish.

51
Q

What Type of Kidney does a Lizard have?

A

Focused on water retention, absorption at cloaca from urine and faeces.

52
Q

How is Water Conservation Linked to Excretion?

A

3 options of excretory material depending on water availability.

53
Q

When is Ammonia Excreted?

A

When surrounded by water.

54
Q

When is Urea Excreted?

A

When their is access to water, but not submerging the animal.

55
Q

When is Uric Acid Excreted?

A

When their is limited access to water.

56
Q

How to Amphibians ‘Drink’?

A

Press stomach to moist surface and absorb water over time.

Biology 103 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions