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FCP - Drug Week > Ectoparasitic Drugs > Flashcards

Ectoparasitic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Neonicatinoid Action

A

Nicotinic acetylcholine (Ach) receptor stimulants
Spastic Paralysis

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2
Q

Neonicatinoid Examples

A

Imidacloprid - topical application
Nitenpryam - oral tablet
Dinotefuran - spot on

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3
Q

Neonicatinoid licensing

A

All licenced in Cats/ Dogs

Imidacloprid also licenced in Rabbits

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4
Q

Neonicatinoid Use

A

All used for fleas
Imidacloprid also used for lice

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5
Q

Organophosphate action

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor
Flaccid paralysis

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6
Q

Organophosphate example

A

Diazinon
Used for sheep dip

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7
Q

Organophosphate uses

A

Wide range of ectoparasites
□ Sheep scab
□ Blow fly larvae
□ Lice
□ Ticks
□ Keds

NOT FLEAS

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8
Q

Organophosphate licensing

A

Sheep

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9
Q

Phenylpyrrazole Action

A

GABA inhibitor
Causes spastic paralysis

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10
Q

Phenylpyrrazole example

A

Fipronil (frontline) - spot on

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11
Q

Phenylpyrrazole Licensing

A

licensed in cats/dogs
Don’t use in rabbits (toxic)

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12
Q

Phenylpyrrazole Uses

A

Fleas
Lice

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13
Q

Isoxazoline Action

A

GABA + chloride channel inhibitors
Spastic Paralysis

CAREFUL IN PATIENTS WITH SEIZURES

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14
Q

Isoxazoline examples

A

All end ‘-laner’
Fluralaner
Sarolaner
Afoxolaner
lotilaner
Esafoxolaner

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15
Q

Isoxazoline Licensing

A

All licensed for fleas & ticks
All licensed for cats
ALSO:
Fluralaner - dogs and poultry (redmite)
Sarolaner - dogs
Afoxolaner - dogs

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16
Q

Isoxazoline Uses

A

All for fleas and ticks (kills not prevents)
Fluralaner
Demodex/Sarcoptes (dogs)
Red mite (poultry)
Sarolaner
Demodex (dogs)
Sarcoptes (dogs)
Otodectes (dogs)
Afoxolaner
Demodex (dogs)
Sarcoptes (dogs)

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17
Q

Macrocyclic lactones Action

A

Chloride Channel Stimulator
Flaccid paralysis
Prevents AP

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18
Q

Macrocyclic lactones examples

A

Almost all end ‘-ectin’
Avermectins
* Abamectin
* Ivermectin
* Doramectin
* Eprinomectin
Selamectin
Milbemycins
* Milbemycin
* Moxidectin

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19
Q

Macrocyclic lactones licensing

A

Ivermectin – toxic to chelonians
Large animals/horses
Birds
Many exotics
Doramectin
Farm animals
Eprinomectin
Farm animals
Selamectin
Dogs/cats
Milbemycin
Dogs/cats
Moxidectin
Dogs/cats
Horses
Farm animals

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20
Q

Macrocyclic lactones uses

A

Avermectins
* Ivermectin
○ Lice, mites, roundworms
* Doramectin
○ Lice, flies, mites, roundworms
* Eprinomectin
○ Lice, flies, mites, roundworms
Selamectin
Fleas, sarcoptes, odectes, roundworms
Milbemycins
* Milbemycin
○ Roundworms
* Moxidectin
○ Lice, flies in farm animals
○ Roundworms

21
Q

Pyrethroids action

A

Sodium channel stimulant
Spastic paralysis
Constant AP

22
Q

Pyrethroids Examples

A

All end ‘-ethrin’
Permethrin
Cypermethrin
Deltamethrin
Flumethrin

23
Q

Pyrethroids licensing

A

Permethrin - all but cats
Cypermethrin - farm, horses, exotic
Deltamethrin - farm and dogs
Flumethrin - dogs/cats (FL= feline)

Toxic to cats (except flumethrin) and aquatic life

24
Q

Pyrethroids Uses

A

For all slowly kills and repels ticks
For all kills flies

Permethrin - fleas, lice, also repels flies

Cypermethrin - lice, also repels flies and larvae

Deltamethrin - lice and flies in farm species, fleas in dogs

Flumethrin - just ticks

25
Q

Insect Growth Regulators Action

A

Juvenile hormone analogues
Chitin synthesis inhibitors
Triazine derivatives

No adulticidal properties - only works on juveniles

26
Q

Juvenile hormone analogues Action

A

Mimic juvenile hormones
Keep them suspended in juvenile stage

27
Q

Juvenile hormone analogues examples

A

S-methoprene
Pyriproxyfen

28
Q

Juvenile hormone analogues licensing

A

Dogs and cats

29
Q

Juvenile hormone analogues uses

A

Prevention of development of fleas
Does not kill

Environmental flea sprays

30
Q

Chitin synthesis inhibitors examples, licensing and uses

A

Lufenuron - dogs and cats

Prevents development of flies - doesn’t kill
Must treat all animals in houshold

31
Q

Triazine derivatives examples and licensing

A

Cyromazine - sheep, rabbits
Dicyclanil - sheep

32
Q

Triazine derivatives uses

A

Prevention of blowfly strike (Prevention of cutaneous myiasis)
Acts on larvae not adults

33
Q

Benzimidazole Action

A

ONLY NON-NEUROTOXIC ANTIPARASITIC DRUG
Disruption of microtubule assembly
1 - Bind to β-tubulin
2 - Inhibition/blockage of polymerisation
3 - Causes abnormal microtubule formation
4 - Disrupts intracellular homeostasis and energy metabolism

34
Q

Benzimidazole examples

A

end in ‘-azole’
Febantel
Fenbendazole

35
Q

Benzimidazole licensing

A

Febantel - dog
Fenbendazole - dog, cat, rabbit

36
Q

Benzimidazole uses

A

Febantel - roundworms
Fenbendazole - roundworms and tapeworms

37
Q

Tetrahydropyrimidines/ imidazothiazoles action

A

Nicotinic Ach receptor stimulants
1 - Act as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist (Cholinergic agonist)
2 - Mimic Ach action (excitatory)
Cause spastic paralysis of worms

38
Q

Tetrahydropyrimidines/ imidazothiazoles example, licensing and uses

A

Pyrantel - dog and cat roundworms

39
Q

Pyrazinoisoquinolones example, licensing and uses

A

Praziquantel - cats/dogs - tapeworms

40
Q

Synergist action

A

inhibits insect detoxification pathways
Increases available concentration of insecticide
Use in conjunction with another
Usually with pyrethrins

41
Q

Other Insecticide Options

A

Repellents
Synergists
Lime sulphur dip
Desiccants - dry them out
Mechanical agents - damage exoskeleton?

42
Q

Hexahydropyrazine example, licensing and uses

A

Piperazine/diethylcarbamazine - Dog and cat
Roundworms

43
Q

Hexahydropyrazine action

A

GABA agonist
Flaccid paralysis

44
Q

Cyclic octadepsipeptide Action

A

Act on specific class of transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors called depsiphilins
Flaccid paralysis

45
Q

Cyclic octadepsipeptide example, licensing and uses

A

Emodepside - cat, roundworms

46
Q

Aminoacetonitrile derivatives action

A

Iterfere with a specific Ach receptor
MPTL-1 receptors
Causes hyper contraction and spastic paralysis

47
Q

Aminoacetonitrile derivatives example, licensing and uses

A

monepental - sheep, roundworms

48
Q

Spiroindole action

A

ACh antagonist
Flaccid paralysis

FCP - Drug Week (16 decks)

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