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FCP - Drug Week > Antifungals > Flashcards

Antifungals Flashcards

1
Q

How do antifungals work?

A

Cause fungal membrane to become deficient in ergosterol and toxic products accumulate
leads to cell death

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2
Q

Types of antifungals

A

Azoles - Most antifungal products
Allylamines
Polyene
Pyrimidine Analogues

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3
Q

Azoles Action

A

inhibit CYP450-dependent synthesis of ergosterol in cell membranes

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4
Q

Azoles Examples

A

Itraconazole
Ketoconazole
Miconazole

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5
Q

Allylamines action

A

Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol in fungal cells via inhibiting an enzyme (squalene epoxidase)

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6
Q

Allylamines example

A

Terbinafine

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7
Q

Polyene action

A

Binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membrane
Causes physical change in membrane and pores are created
Intracellular components leak out of pores leading to cell death

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8
Q

Polyene examples

A

Amphotericin B
Nyastatin

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9
Q

Pyrimidine analogue action

A

Anti-metabolite chemical used for some fungal conditions
5-flurocytosine is converted by fungal cell to 5-flurouracil
Inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis
Doesn’t affect mammalian cells

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10
Q

Pyrimidine analogue action

A

Anti-metabolite chemical used for some fungal conditions
5-flurocytosine is converted by fungal cell to 5-flurouracil
Inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis
Doesn’t affect mammalian cells

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11
Q

Pyrimidine analogue example

A

5-fluorocytosine

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12
Q

Cellular toxins

A

Not specific to fungi but have anti-fungal activity
Also kill bacteria and viruses

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13
Q

Cellular toxins examples and action

A

Silver sulfadiazine
Releases silver in concentrations that are toxic to bacteria and yeasts
Chlorhexidine (Hibiscrub)
Antiseptic
Binds to the skin and forms a protective layer preventing ingress of fungal cells
Can be applied as treatment in some conditions
Virkon
Disinfectant
Disrupts function of the cell membrane
By oxidising sulphur bonds in proteins and enzyme

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14
Q

What can be used to decontaminate environment and fomites

A

Virkon and chlorhexidine

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15
Q

Common Fungal diseases of cats/dogs

A

Malassezia - ears and skin
Ringworm (dermatophytosis)

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16
Q

Malassezia (otitis externa) Treatment in dogs

A

Nystatin
Miconazole
Clotrimazole - off licence in cats
Terbinafine - DO NOT USE IN CATS
Silver sulfadiazine - off licence
Used when Psuedomonas aeruginosa is cultured but no licenced products effective

17
Q

Malassezia (skin infections) treatment in dogs

A

Miconazole - Prescription shampoo
Climbazole - Wipes
Ketoconazole – Off licence in cats, do NOT use in cats; oral, shampoo or skin spray
Chlorhexidine - Shampoo/foam/spray/otic solution/wipes

18
Q

Ringworm (dermatophytosis) treatment in dogs

A

Ketoconazole - Do NOT use in cats (higher risk of side effects)
Oral
Systemic treatment
Enilconazole
Skin rinse
Miconazole - shampoo
Adjunctive treatment
Chlorhexidine - shampoo/foam/spray/otic solution/wipes
Synergistic with miconazole
Ineffective alone

19
Q

Malassezia (otitis externa) treatment in cats

A

Nystatin
Miconazole

20
Q

Malassezia (skin infection) treatment in cats

A

Miconazole - Prescription shampoo
Climbazole - Wipes
Itraconazole - Oral, systemic treatment
Chlorhexidine - Shampoo/foam/spray/otic solution/wipes

21
Q

Ringworm (dermatophytosis) treatment in cats

A

Itraconazole
Oral
Systemic treatment
Miconazole - shampoo
Adjunctive treatment
Chlorhexidine - shampoo/foam/spray/otic solution/wipes
Synergistic with miconazole
Ineffective alone

22
Q

Common fungal diseases in rabbits

A

Ringworm (dermatophytosis)

23
Q

Ringworm (dermatophytosis) treatment in rabbits

A

All off licence
* Itraconazole – oral
Systemic treatment
* Enilconazole - skin rinse
* Miconazole - shampoo
Adjunctive treatment
* Chlorhexidine - shampoo/foam/spray/otic solution/wipes
Synergistic with miconazole
Ineffective alone
* Clotrimazole – cream
Adjunctive treatment

24
Q

Common fungal diseases in horses

A

Ringworm (dermatophytosis)
Fungal keratitis (keratomycosis)

25
Q

Ringworm (dermatophytosis) treatment in horses

A
  • Enilconazole - licenced
    □ Skin rinse
  • Miconazole - off licence
    □ Shampoo
26
Q

Fungal keratitis treatment in horses

A
  • Clotrimazole - off licence, Cream
27
Q

Common fungal diseases in cattle

A

Ringworm (dermatophytosis)

28
Q

Ringworm (dermatophytosis) treatment in cattle

A

Enilconazole -licenced
□ Skin rinse
□ Not used often
□ Ringworm in cows is usually self-limiting and treated by exposing them to UV light and decontaminating environment

29
Q

Common fungal diseases in birds

A

Candidiasis
Aspergillosis

30
Q

Candidiasis/Aspergillosis treatment in birds

A

Itraconazole - licensed
Voriconazole – licensed
□ Very expensive
Nystatin - off licence
Amphotericin B - off licence

Aspergillosis is seen uncommercial poultry - no licensed product - cull birds

31
Q

Common fungal diseases in reptiles

A

Fungal dermatitis (dermatomycosis)

FCP - Drug Week (16 decks)

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