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Science Year 8 > Ecosystems Year 8 > Flashcards

Ecosystems Year 8 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Autotrophs

A

An organism that produces their own food. Also known as producers

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2
Q

Heterotrophs

A

An organism that consumes food from autotrophs . Also known as consumers

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3
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The food making process in plants

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4
Q

Fat

A

Organic substance solid at room temperature

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5
Q

Metabolism

A

Chemical reaction occurring within an organism that enable that organism to use energy and grow and repair cells

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6
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.

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7
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

The chemical breakdown of food using oxygen. This reaction requires enzymes to speed up the reaction

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8
Q

Glycolysis

A

Process which glucose is converted into a simpler form

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9
Q

Cytosol

A

The fluid inside cells

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10
Q

Krebs Cycle

A

Process where ATP and carbon dioxide are produced

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11
Q

Mitochondria

A

Organelle that supplies energy to all other parts of the cell

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12
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

Chemical breakdown of food without oxygen

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13
Q

Lactic acid

A

Product of anaerobic respiration

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14
Q

Ethanol

A

Product of anaerobic respiration in plants

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15
Q

Obligate Anaerobes

A

Organisms than only respire using anaerobic respiration

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16
Q

Organism

A

A living thing

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17
Q

Species

A

A group of living organisms able to interbreed with each other

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18
Q

Population

A

A group of organisms of the same species living in a particular area at a particular time

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19
Q

Community

A

More than one population living in an area

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20
Q

Ecosystem

A

Communities of organisms that interact with each other

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21
Q

Ecology

A

The study of ecosystems

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22
Q

Decomposers

A

Organisms that break down organic matter into inorganic materials

23
Q

Herbivores

A

Animals that eat only plants

24
Q

Primary consumers/first-order consumer

A

The first consumer in a food chain

25
Q

Carnivores

A

Animals that eat other animals

26
Q

Omnivores

A

Animals that eat plants and other animals

27
Q

Detrivores

A

An animal that feeds on and breaks down dead plant or animal matter

28
Q

Ecological niche

A

The position of a species or population in its ecosystem in relation to each other

29
Q

Competition

A

Struggle among organisms for food territory and other factors

30
Q

Parasitism

A

An interaction in which one species (the parasite) lives in or on another species (the host) from which it obtains food, shelter and other requirements

31
Q

Mutualism

A

Relationship between two different organisms in which both benefit

32
Q

Commensalism

A

Relationship between organisms where one benefits and the other is unaffected

33
Q

Interspecific competition

A

Competition between organisms of the same species

34
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

Competition between organisms of different species

35
Q

Predator-prey relationship

A

Relationship between organisms in which one species (the predator) kills and eats another species (the prey)

36
Q

Symbiotic relations

A

Very close relationship between two organisms of different species. It may benefit or harm one of the partners

37
Q

Chemosynthetic

A

Organisms that produce organic material using energy from chemical reaction

38
Q

Food chains

A

How energy is stored in one organism and passed to the other

39
Q

Food web

A

Several food chains put together

40
Q

Tropic level

A

Level within a food chain or web or pyramid

41
Q

First order

A

Organism in the second trophic level

42
Q

Second order

A

Organism in the third trophic level

43
Q

Energy pyramid

A

A representation of the level of food energy at each level of a food chain

44
Q

Pyramid of numbers

A

Representation of population at each level within a food chain

45
Q

Pyramid of biomass

A

Representation of the dry mass of organisms at each level within a food chain

46
Q

Birth rate

A

Number of organisms born during a particular time period

47
Q

Death rate

A

Number of organisms that die within a particular time period

48
Q

Immigration

A

Number of individuals moving into an area

49
Q

Emigration

A

The number of individuals leaving an area

50
Q

Exponential growth

A

Rapid increase of number and size

51
Q

Sigmoid

A

The shape of a graph showing an increasing population

52
Q

Equilibrium/Steady state/plateau phase

A

A state in which conditions are balanced no there is no growth or decline in number

53
Q

Zero population growth

A

The point at which birth and death cancel each other out

54
Q

Carrying capacity

A

The maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain

Science Year 8 (7 decks)

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