Ecosystems Year 8

Question 1

Autotrophs

Answer 1

An organism that produces their own food. Also known as producers

Question 2

Heterotrophs

Answer 2

An organism that consumes food from autotrophs . Also known as consumers

Question 3

Photosynthesis

Answer 3

The food making process in plants

Question 4

Fat

Answer 4

Organic substance solid at room temperature

Question 5

Metabolism

Answer 5

Chemical reaction occurring within an organism that enable that organism to use energy and grow and repair cells

Question 6

Cellular Respiration

Answer 6

the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.

Question 7

Aerobic respiration

Answer 7

The chemical breakdown of food using oxygen. This reaction requires enzymes to speed up the reaction

Question 8

Glycolysis

Answer 8

Process which glucose is converted into a simpler form

Question 9

Cytosol

Answer 9

The fluid inside cells

Question 10

Krebs Cycle

Answer 10

Process where ATP and carbon dioxide are produced

Question 11

Mitochondria

Answer 11

Organelle that supplies energy to all other parts of the cell

Question 12

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 12

Chemical breakdown of food without oxygen

Question 13

Lactic acid

Answer 13

Product of anaerobic respiration

Question 14

Ethanol

Answer 14

Product of anaerobic respiration in plants

Question 15

Obligate Anaerobes

Answer 15

Organisms than only respire using anaerobic respiration

Question 16

Organism

Answer 16

A living thing

Question 17

Species

Answer 17

A group of living organisms able to interbreed with each other

Question 18

Population

Answer 18

A group of organisms of the same species living in a particular area at a particular time

Question 19

Community

Answer 19

More than one population living in an area

Question 20

Ecosystem

Answer 20

Communities of organisms that interact with each other

Question 21

Ecology

Answer 21

The study of ecosystems

Question 22

Decomposers

Answer 22

Organisms that break down organic matter into inorganic materials

Question 23

Herbivores

Answer 23

Animals that eat only plants

Question 24

Primary consumers/first-order consumer

Answer 24

The first consumer in a food chain

Question 25

Carnivores

Answer 25

Animals that eat other animals

Question 26

Omnivores

Answer 26

Animals that eat plants and other animals

Question 27

Detrivores

Answer 27

An animal that feeds on and breaks down dead plant or animal matter

Question 28

Ecological niche

Answer 28

The position of a species or population in its ecosystem in relation to each other

Question 29

Competition

Answer 29

Struggle among organisms for food territory and other factors

Question 30

Parasitism

Answer 30

An interaction in which one species (the parasite) lives in or on another species (the host) from which it obtains food, shelter and other requirements

Question 31

Mutualism

Answer 31

Relationship between two different organisms in which both benefit

Question 32

Commensalism

Answer 32

Relationship between organisms where one benefits and the other is unaffected

Question 33

Interspecific competition

Answer 33

Competition between organisms of the same species

Question 34

Intraspecific competition

Answer 34

Competition between organisms of different species

Question 35

Predator-prey relationship

Answer 35

Relationship between organisms in which one species (the predator) kills and eats another species (the prey)

Question 36

Symbiotic relations

Answer 36

Very close relationship between two organisms of different species. It may benefit or harm one of the partners

Question 37

Chemosynthetic

Answer 37

Organisms that produce organic material using energy from chemical reaction

Question 38

Food chains

Answer 38

How energy is stored in one organism and passed to the other

Question 39

Food web

Answer 39

Several food chains put together

Question 40

Tropic level

Answer 40

Level within a food chain or web or pyramid

Question 41

First order

Answer 41

Organism in the second trophic level

Question 42

Second order

Answer 42

Organism in the third trophic level

Question 43

Energy pyramid

Answer 43

A representation of the level of food energy at each level of a food chain

Question 44

Pyramid of numbers

Answer 44

Representation of population at each level within a food chain

Question 45

Pyramid of biomass

Answer 45

Representation of the dry mass of organisms at each level within a food chain

Question 46

Birth rate

Answer 46

Number of organisms born during a particular time period

Question 47

Death rate

Answer 47

Number of organisms that die within a particular time period

Question 48

Immigration

Answer 48

Number of individuals moving into an area

Question 49

Emigration

Answer 49

The number of individuals leaving an area

Question 50

Exponential growth

Answer 50

Rapid increase of number and size

Question 51

Sigmoid

Answer 51

The shape of a graph showing an increasing population

Question 52

Equilibrium/Steady state/plateau phase

Answer 52

A state in which conditions are balanced no there is no growth or decline in number

Question 53

Zero population growth

Answer 53

The point at which birth and death cancel each other out

Question 54

Carrying capacity

Answer 54

The maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain