Chemistry Year 8 Flashcards
Atom
Smallest unit of an element and is made up of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.
Nucleus
Central part of the atom which contains protons and neutrons. It contains most of the atom’s mass.
Proton
A positively charged particle which can be found in the nucleus of an atom.
Neutron
A neutral particle with no charge which can be found in the nucleus of an atom.
Electron
A negatively charged particle which is located on shells which surrounds the atom’s nucleus.
Atomic number
The amount of protons in an atom
Chemical symbol
How scientists classify elements with a unique symbol
Ion
Adding or taking away an electron in order to change its charge
Periodic Table
An arrangement of all elements in order of atomic number
Periods
Rows on the periodic table
Groups
Columns on the periodic table
Periodic law
The physical and chemical properties of the elements recur at intervals, when listed in atomic weight
Symbols
The chemical symbol of an element
Atomic numbers
The number of protons or the number of electrons in an atom
Atomic mass number
Number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Alkali metals
The elements from group 1. These elements act strongly with water to form basic solutions
Alkaline earth metals
The elements from group 2 of the periodic table
Halogens
Elements from group 17 of the periodic table. These elements are brightly-coloured
Noble gases
These gases are from group 18 of the periodic table. These elements have a full outer shell, and do not readily react with other substances
Transition metal block
The group of elements in the middle block
Metals
A material that is hard, shiny, and malleable
Non-Metals
A substance on the periodic table that is brittle
Metalloid
An element containing properties of metals and non-metals
Lustre
The brightness of an element
Conductors
Something that can carry an electric current
Malleable
Able to be hammered without cracking
Brittle
A hard object but easy to break
