Ecosystems And The Material Cycle Paper 2

Question 1

Ecosystem

Answer 1

All organisms and the environment in which they live

Question 2

All organisms that live and interact with an ecosystem form a…

Answer 2

Community

Question 3

The community is made up of… of different species

Answer 3

Populations

Question 4

Species depend on each other for resources

Answer 4

Meaning they’re interdependent

Question 5

Each population lives in a particular…

Answer 5

Habitat within the ecosystem

Question 6

Habitat

Answer 6

Includes the other organisms that affect the population and local area

Question 7

Calculation for population size=

Answer 7

No. of organisms x total area organisms live
in all quadrats ———————————
- Total area of quadrats

Question 8

Abundance

Answer 8

A measure of how common something is in an area, like it’s population size

Question 9

Order of food web animals

Answer 9

Top predator
Tertiary consumer/ carnivore
Secondary consumer/ carnivore
Primary consumer/herbivore 
Producer

Question 10

Abiotic

Answer 10

Non living factors

Question 11

Biotic

Answer 11

Living factors

Question 12

Biodiversity

Answer 12

The number of different species

Question 13

Parasitism

Answer 13

Where one organism (the parasite)benefits by feeding off another one known as the host. I causes harm to it and lives in or on the host

Question 14

Organisms are mutualistic when…

Answer 14

They live together and both benefit from the relationship

Question 15

Eutrophication

Answer 15

The addition of more nutrients to an ecosystem than it normally has. E.g) adding too much fertiliser to a field.

Question 16

Process of eutrophication

Answer 16

Rain washes fertiliser off.
Nitrates and phosphates dissolve in soil— they are not taken up by plants so washed into stream or river.
High concentrations of them encourages plants and algae to grow rapidly.
Surface plants block sunlight, so plants in the water die, and stop producing oxygen through photosynthesis.
Bacteria that breaks down dead material increase in numbers, and use up more oxygen from the water.
Therefore the concentration of oxygen in the water decreases.
Aquatic animals die as a result of not enough oxygen.

Question 17

Desolation

Answer 17

Obtaining fresh water from the sea or salty water

Question 18

Distillation

Answer 18

Where the water is evaporated and then condensed and collected