Ecosystems And The Material Cycle Paper 2 Flashcards
Ecosystem
All organisms and the environment in which they live
All organisms that live and interact with an ecosystem form a…
Community
The community is made up of… of different species
Populations
Species depend on each other for resources
Meaning they’re interdependent
Each population lives in a particular…
Habitat within the ecosystem
Habitat
Includes the other organisms that affect the population and local area
Calculation for population size=
No. of organisms x total area organisms live
in all quadrats ———————————
- Total area of quadrats
Abundance
A measure of how common something is in an area, like it’s population size
Order of food web animals
Top predator Tertiary consumer/ carnivore Secondary consumer/ carnivore Primary consumer/herbivore Producer
Abiotic
Non living factors
Biotic
Living factors
Biodiversity
The number of different species
Parasitism
Where one organism (the parasite)benefits by feeding off another one known as the host. I causes harm to it and lives in or on the host
Organisms are mutualistic when…
They live together and both benefit from the relationship
Eutrophication
The addition of more nutrients to an ecosystem than it normally has. E.g) adding too much fertiliser to a field.
Process of eutrophication
Rain washes fertiliser off.
Nitrates and phosphates dissolve in soil— they are not taken up by plants so washed into stream or river.
High concentrations of them encourages plants and algae to grow rapidly.
Surface plants block sunlight, so plants in the water die, and stop producing oxygen through photosynthesis.
Bacteria that breaks down dead material increase in numbers, and use up more oxygen from the water.
Therefore the concentration of oxygen in the water decreases.
Aquatic animals die as a result of not enough oxygen.
Desolation
Obtaining fresh water from the sea or salty water
Distillation
Where the water is evaporated and then condensed and collected
