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biology > CB3a paper 1 > Flashcards

CB3a paper 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Zygote

A

A fertilised egg cell.

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2
Q

Gametes

A

Sex cells.

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3
Q

Genome

A

The DNA of an organism.

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4
Q

Genes

A

Along the length of a DNA molecule are sections that each contain a code for making protein.

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5
Q

Proteins are…

A

polymers.

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6
Q

There are … different chromosomes in the body. And most contain two sets of chromosomes, making 46 in all.

A

23.

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7
Q

Are zygotes haploid or diploid?

A

Haploid.

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8
Q

What is the shorthand for haploid?

A

1n

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9
Q

What is the shorthand for diploid?

A

2n

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10
Q

Does mitosis produce haploid or diploid cells?

A

Diploid

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11
Q

Double helix

A

Two strands of DNA, held together by pairs of substances called bases

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12
Q

What are the four bases in DNA?

A

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

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13
Q

Complementary base pairs

A

Matching bases

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14
Q

Adenine pairs with…

A

Thymine

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15
Q

Cytosine pairs with…

A

Guanine

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16
Q

Each base is attached to a…which is attached to a…

A

Sugar

Phosphate

17
Q

The sugar and phosphate groups form the…

A

Backbone of DNA strand. Therefore, it is a polymer as many similar units are paired up in a chain

18
Q

What is hydrogen bonding?

A

Parts of DNA have a slight electrical charge. A slightly negatively charged part of one base attracts a slightly charged part of another base. This forms a weak force of attraction called hydrogen bonding.

19
Q

How many bonds to cytosine and guanine form between them?

A

Three.

20
Q

How many bonds form between adenine and thymine?

A

Two. This is why the pairs A and T on,y pair up together, and why C and G only pair up together.

21
Q

Alleles

A

Different forms of the same gene

22
Q

Genetic variation

A

Different characteristics. Is caused by the different alleles inherited during sexual reproduction

23
Q

Homozygous

A

If both alleles are the same for one gene

24
Q

Heterozygous

A

If the alleles for one gene are different

25
Q

A dominant allele is shown by a…

A

Capital letter

26
Q

A recessive is shown by a…

A

Lower case version of the SAME letter

27
Q

Genotype

A

The alleles in an organism

28
Q

Phenotype

A

The way the organism looks

29
Q

Females have… chromosomes

A

X X

30
Q

Males have… chromosomes

A

X Y

31
Q

Punter squares are used to demonstrate…

A

Inheritance

32
Q

A family pedigree chart shows…

A

How genotypes and their resulting phenotypes are inherited in a family

33
Q

Melanin is a protein that…

A

Makes hair and skin darker

34
Q

Mutation

A

A change in a gene that creates a new allele. It often occurs during cell division. Happens when there is a mistake in copying DNA during cell division.

35
Q

A bell shaped curve on a graph is known as …

A

a normal disrtibution

36
Q

Mapping a persons genome can indicate…

A

Risk of developing disease that are caused by different alleles of genes, and can help to identify which medicines can be used to treat a certain illness

biology (6 decks)

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