CB3a paper 1

Question 1

Zygote

Answer 1

A fertilised egg cell.

Question 2

Gametes

Answer 2

Sex cells.

Question 3

Genome

Answer 3

The DNA of an organism.

Question 4

Genes

Answer 4

Along the length of a DNA molecule are sections that each contain a code for making protein.

Question 5

Proteins are…

Answer 5

polymers.

Question 6

There are … different chromosomes in the body. And most contain two sets of chromosomes, making 46 in all.

Answer 6

23.

Question 7

Are zygotes haploid or diploid?

Answer 7

Haploid.

Question 8

What is the shorthand for haploid?

Answer 8

1n

Question 9

What is the shorthand for diploid?

Answer 9

2n

Question 10

Does mitosis produce haploid or diploid cells?

Answer 10

Diploid

Question 11

Double helix

Answer 11

Two strands of DNA, held together by pairs of substances called bases

Question 12

What are the four bases in DNA?

Answer 12

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

Question 13

Complementary base pairs

Answer 13

Matching bases

Question 14

Adenine pairs with…

Answer 14

Thymine

Question 15

Cytosine pairs with…

Answer 15

Guanine

Question 16

Each base is attached to a…which is attached to a…

Answer 16

Sugar

Phosphate

Question 17

The sugar and phosphate groups form the…

Answer 17

Backbone of DNA strand. Therefore, it is a polymer as many similar units are paired up in a chain

Question 18

What is hydrogen bonding?

Answer 18

Parts of DNA have a slight electrical charge. A slightly negatively charged part of one base attracts a slightly charged part of another base. This forms a weak force of attraction called hydrogen bonding.

Question 19

How many bonds to cytosine and guanine form between them?

Answer 19

Three.

Question 20

How many bonds form between adenine and thymine?

Answer 20

Two. This is why the pairs A and T on,y pair up together, and why C and G only pair up together.

Question 21

Alleles

Answer 21

Different forms of the same gene

Question 22

Genetic variation

Answer 22

Different characteristics. Is caused by the different alleles inherited during sexual reproduction

Question 23

Homozygous

Answer 23

If both alleles are the same for one gene

Question 24

Heterozygous

Answer 24

If the alleles for one gene are different

Question 25

A dominant allele is shown by a…

Answer 25

Capital letter

Question 26

A recessive is shown by a…

Answer 26

Lower case version of the SAME letter

Question 27

Genotype

Answer 27

The alleles in an organism

Question 28

Phenotype

Answer 28

The way the organism looks

Question 29

Females have… chromosomes

Answer 29

X X

Question 30

Males have… chromosomes

Answer 30

X Y

Question 31

Punter squares are used to demonstrate…

Answer 31

Inheritance

Question 32

A family pedigree chart shows…

Answer 32

How genotypes and their resulting phenotypes are inherited in a family

Question 33

Melanin is a protein that…

Answer 33

Makes hair and skin darker

Question 34

Mutation

Answer 34

A change in a gene that creates a new allele. It often occurs during cell division. Happens when there is a mistake in copying DNA during cell division.

Question 35

A bell shaped curve on a graph is known as …

Answer 35

a normal disrtibution

Question 36

Mapping a persons genome can indicate…

Answer 36

Risk of developing disease that are caused by different alleles of genes, and can help to identify which medicines can be used to treat a certain illness