CB4a paper 1

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

The gradual change in the characteristics of a species over time

Question 2

Artificial selection

Answer 2

Where humans choose certain organisms- due to useful characteristics

Question 3

Selective breeding risks

Answer 3

Old ones die out
Change in conditions could kill them all
Diseases could kill them all

Question 4

Name the five kingdoms

Answer 4

Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protists
Prokaryotes (bacteria)

Question 5

Which out of the five kingdoms does not have a nucleus

Answer 5

Prokaryotes

Question 6

Which kingdoms does photosynthesis occur

Answer 6

Plants
Protists (some)
Prokaryotes (some)

Question 7

Which kingdoms are multicellular

Answer 7

Animals and plants

Fungi is mainly multicellular

Question 8

Which kingdoms are unicellular

Answer 8

Protists(they are mainly) and prokaryotes

Question 9

Do animals have cell walls

Answer 9

No

Question 10

What are plants cell walls made from

Answer 10

Cellulose

Question 11

Cell wall for fungi is

Answer 11

chitin

Question 12

What are protists made from

Answer 12

Some different substances (NOT CHITIN THOUGH)

Question 13

Do prokaryotes have a cell wall

Answer 13

Yes a flexible one but it is NOT MADE FROM CHITIN OR CELLULOSE)

Question 14

Who published the classification system and in what year did they do it

Answer 14

Carl Linnaeus and in 1735

Question 15

How many kingdoms did Carl Linnaeus have

Answer 15

Two

Question 16

What did Carl Woese propose

Answer 16

That all organisms should be divided into three domains

Question 17

What were the three domains that Carl Woese proposed

Answer 17

Archaea (no nucleus, genes-unused sections of DNA)
Bacteria (no nucleus, NO unused sections in genes)
Eukarya (WITH nucleus, unused sections in genes)

Question 18

Steps of genetic engineering

Answer 18

Use the restriction enzyme to cut out of an organism.
It leaves jagged ends called sticky ends.
If two sticky ends match, they join together by an enzyme called ligase.

Question 19

Vector

Answer 19

Any DNA molecule used to carry a new DNA into another cell.

Question 20

What is the nickname of the most complete set of fossils

Answer 20

Ardi

Question 21

The order of the species from oldest to youngest

Answer 21

Ardipithecus 
Australopithecus
Homo hablis
Homo erectus
Homosapiens - modern humans

Question 22

What has happened to the skill volume over time

Answer 22

It has increased

Question 23

Genetic variation

Answer 23

Characteristics of individuals may vary

Question 24

Environmental change

Answer 24

Conditions in areas change

Question 25

Natural selection

Answer 25

‘Survival of the fittest’

Question 26

Inheritance

Answer 26

‘Survivors’ breed - pass on their variations to offspring

Question 27

Evolution definition two

Answer 27

Natural selection repeats over and over again - all individuals have better adapted variations.

Question 28

How can you work out the ages of stone tools

Answer 28

By looking at the ages of the layers of rock around it.
OR
Old tools are more basic, whereas new tools are more sophisticated and fit for purpose

Question 29

Selective breeding

Answer 29

When humans choose an organism that has a certain characteristic and breed more of these organisms, making that characteristic more and more obvious.

Question 30

Genetic engineering

Answer 30

Changing the DNA of an organism (its genome), often by inserting genes. This means that genetically modified organisms are created.

Question 31

What’s a GMO

Answer 31

A genetically modified organism.

Question 32

Is a genetic engineering or artificial selection a faster process?

Answer 32

Genetic engineering

Question 33

Is genetic engineering or artificial selection more expensive?

Answer 33

Genetic engineering

Question 34

Give an example of a GMO

Answer 34

Golden rice. Contains a substance needed for vitamin A to be created, thus meaning it should be grown in poorer parts of the world where vitamin A deficiency is a problem