CB4a paper 1 Flashcards
Evolution
The gradual change in the characteristics of a species over time
Artificial selection
Where humans choose certain organisms- due to useful characteristics
Selective breeding risks
Old ones die out
Change in conditions could kill them all
Diseases could kill them all
Name the five kingdoms
Animals Plants Fungi Protists Prokaryotes (bacteria)
Which out of the five kingdoms does not have a nucleus
Prokaryotes
Which kingdoms does photosynthesis occur
Plants
Protists (some)
Prokaryotes (some)
Which kingdoms are multicellular
Animals and plants
Fungi is mainly multicellular
Which kingdoms are unicellular
Protists(they are mainly) and prokaryotes
Do animals have cell walls
No
What are plants cell walls made from
Cellulose
Cell wall for fungi is
chitin
What are protists made from
Some different substances (NOT CHITIN THOUGH)
Do prokaryotes have a cell wall
Yes a flexible one but it is NOT MADE FROM CHITIN OR CELLULOSE)
Who published the classification system and in what year did they do it
Carl Linnaeus and in 1735
How many kingdoms did Carl Linnaeus have
Two
What did Carl Woese propose
That all organisms should be divided into three domains
What were the three domains that Carl Woese proposed
Archaea (no nucleus, genes-unused sections of DNA)
Bacteria (no nucleus, NO unused sections in genes)
Eukarya (WITH nucleus, unused sections in genes)
Steps of genetic engineering
Use the restriction enzyme to cut out of an organism.
It leaves jagged ends called sticky ends.
If two sticky ends match, they join together by an enzyme called ligase.
Vector
Any DNA molecule used to carry a new DNA into another cell.
What is the nickname of the most complete set of fossils
Ardi
The order of the species from oldest to youngest
Ardipithecus Australopithecus Homo hablis Homo erectus Homosapiens - modern humans
What has happened to the skill volume over time
It has increased
Genetic variation
Characteristics of individuals may vary
Environmental change
Conditions in areas change
