Ecosystems and Energy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of a species?

A

Organisms that can produce fertile offspring

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2
Q

What is the definition of biodiversity?

A

the total variation that exists amongst all living things on earth

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3
Q

What is the definition of a habitat?

A

the place where an organism lives

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4
Q

What is the definition of a population?

A

The total number of a particular species in a particular area

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5
Q

What is the definition of a community?

A

All the living things in an area

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6
Q

What is the definition of an ecosystem?

A

All the living and non-living things in an area

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7
Q

What is a producer?

A

organism that uses energy from the sun to make its own food

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8
Q

What is a herbivore?

A

An organism that only eats plants for energy

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9
Q

What is a carnivore?

A

An organism that only eats other animals for energy

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10
Q

What is an omnivore?

A

A consumer that eats plants and animals

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11
Q

What is a predator?

A

An animal that hunts and eats other animals - hunter

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12
Q

What is prey?

A

The animal eaten by the predator - hunted

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13
Q

What is a niche?

A

The role an organism plays within the community.

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14
Q

What is it called when organisms want the same resources?

A

Competition

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of competition?

A

intraspecific and interspecific

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16
Q

What is intraspecific competition?

A

Competition within the same species

17
Q

What is interspecific competition?

A

Competition between different species

18
Q

Which type of competition is the most intense?

A

Intraspecific

19
Q

What can be used to sample plants in an area?

20
Q

What can be used to sample small insects in an area?

A

pitfall trap

21
Q

What term is used to describe living factors that affect where an organism lives?

22
Q

What term is used to describe non-living factors that affect where an organism lives?

23
Q

Give 3 examples of biotic factors.

A

disease, food availability, grazing, competition, predators

24
Q

Give 3 examples of abiotic factors.

A

temperature, moisture, light intensity, pH, wind speed

25
What name is given to an organism that by its presence or absence gives an indication of how polluted an area is?
Indicator species
26
On average, how much energy is lost in each stage of a food chain?
90%
27
State 3 ways energy is lost in a food chain.
1. heat 2. movement 3. undigested food
28
Energy used for what activity is available at the next level of the food chain?
Growth
29
What is a pyramid of energy?
A pyramid that shows the energy at each level of the food chain
30
What is a pyramid of numbers?
A pyramid that shows the number of organisms at each level fo the food chain
31
Which pyramid can have an irregular shape?
Pyramid of numbers
32
What always comes at the base of a pyramid?
Producer