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Biology > Ecosystems > Flashcards

Ecosystems Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Habitat

A

The place where an organism lives

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2
Q

Population

A

A group of organisms of the same species

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3
Q

Community

A

The total sum of all the living organisms in an area. All animals and plants living in an area

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4
Q

Ecosystem

A

The community living in a particular habitat and the non-living components with which the organisms interact

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5
Q

Niche

A

The role of an organism within the food chain

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6
Q

What are biotic factors

A

Hm……….

Factors relation to living things e.g. Predation

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7
Q

What are abiotic factors

A

Factors relation to non-living things e.g. Weather

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8
Q

Name 4 abiotic factors

A

pH
Light intensity
Temperature
Rainfall

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9
Q

Name 4 Biotic factors

A

Predation
Competition
Food availability
Disease

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10
Q

Why are green plants called producers

A

The make their own food

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11
Q

What are consumers

A

Non-green plants and animals that obtain their food through eating other organisms

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12
Q

Herbivore

A

Only eats plants

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13
Q

Carnivore

A

Only eats meat

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14
Q

Omnivore

A

Eats meat and plants

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15
Q

Predator

A

Hunts and kills animals for food

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16
Q

Prey

A

Killed by predator

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17
Q

Decomposer

A

Bacteria/Fungi that break down dead plants/animals releasing nutrients back into the soil

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18
Q

What is biodiversity

A

The number of different organisms in a particular habitat

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19
Q

Why is biodiversity important

A

Because each organism has an important role to play and they rely on eachother to survive which means there is a wider food source available.

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20
Q

Dercribe an abiotic factor test (pH)

A

A pH test is when a soil sample is ground up and placed into a solution of universal indicator. The colour of that solution tells us the pH of it when we look at the chart

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21
Q

Describe a biotic factor test (pitfall trap)

A

A pitfall trap is used to sample small invertibrates living in leaf litter. First dig out a hole to fit cup and make sure there are no gaps. Balance a leaf or stone over the top and wait for a small insect to come by and fall into the trap.

22
Q

What do the arrows show on a food chain

A

The direction of the energy flow

23
Q

Name 2 rules about a food chain

A

The producers are always at the start and the sun is a source of energy for all food chains

24
Q

What’s a food web

A

A complex interaction of several food chains

25
Q

What are adaptations

A

Characteristics which make an organism suited to the environment it lives in

26
Q

What are 4 types of adaptations

A

Physiological
Structural
Bahavioural
Behaviour

27
Q

What is physiological adaptation

A

Adaptations inside the organism

28
Q

What is structural adaptation

A

Physical features of the organism (shape, body, covering)

29
Q

What is behavioural adaptation

A

Changes the way an animal behaves

30
Q

What is behaviour adaptation

A

It can be split into two categories, innate and learned

31
Q

What is innate behaviour

A

Something an organism already knows how to do without having to learn like sucking, crying or migrating

32
Q

What is learned behaviour

A

Something an organism has to learn to do like swimming or walking

33
Q

What is competition

A

When animals compete for the same resources and are in short supply

34
Q

What would Green plants compete for

A

Soil nutrients, water and light

35
Q

What would animals compete for

A

Shelter, water, mates and food

36
Q

What is interspecific competition

A

When members of different species compete for the same resources and have the same niche in their food chain

37
Q

What is intra specific competition

A

Competition between members of the same species

38
Q

Why is intra specific competition more competitive

A

As the same species they need the same resources, its more intense, weaker individuals die and its leads to territorial behaviour

39
Q

Why is nitrogen essential for plants and animals

A

It’s the building block of proteins

40
Q

Where do plants get nitrogen from

A

The soil

41
Q

What is nitrogen in the form of in soil

A

Nitrates

42
Q

Why do farmers add fertiliser to plants

A

It contains nitrogen and other nutrients to help them grow

43
Q

What do fertilisers contain apart from nitrates

A

Magnesium and potassium

44
Q

Apart from man made fertilisers what can farmers use

A

Natural fertilisers like dung

45
Q

What can happen to fertiliser when it’s near a river or pond

A

It’s can get washed into the river which causes algae to grow on the surface (algal blooms)

46
Q

Why is it bad to have algae on the surface of water

A

It kills all the plants underneath as it blocks the light

47
Q

What happens to the dead plants in the water

A

They get eaten by decomposers (bacteria)

48
Q

What do bacteria use a lot of

A

Oxygen

49
Q

Why is it bad that bacteria eat the dead plants

A

They eat the oxygen and kill all the animals

50
Q

Overall why is it bad for fertiliser to be washed into rivers

A

Biodiversity decreases

51
Q

What happens when there’s dead plants

A

Bacteria multiply

52
Q

What affects biodiversity

A

Deforestation
Fertiliser in water
Natural disasters
Pollution

Biology (3 decks)

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