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Science > Ecosystem- Flow Of Matter > Flashcards

Ecosystem- Flow Of Matter Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Producers

A

Organism at the base of the food chain that does not ned to feed on other organisms; also known as an autotroph.

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2
Q

Autotrophs

A

Producer

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3
Q

Fat

A

An organic substance that is solid at room temperature and is made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

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4
Q

Metabolism

A

The chemical reactions occurring within an organism that enable the organism to use energy and grow and repair cells.

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5
Q

Cellular respiration

A

The chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use that energy contained in ATP.

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6
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

The chemical breakdown of food using oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in all body cells and releases energy.

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7
Q

Glycolysis

A

Process by which glucose is converted into a simple form, during which energy is released.

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8
Q

Cytosol

A

The fluid found inside cells.

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9
Q

Kerbs cycle

A

Part of the aerobic respiration process in which carbon dioxide and ATP are produced.

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10
Q

Electron transport chain reactions

A

Part of the aerobic respiration process.

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11
Q

Mitochondria

A

Small rod-shaped organelles that supply energy to other parts of the cell. They are usually too small to be seen with light microscopes. Mitochondrion is the singular.

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12
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

The chemical breakdown of food without oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occur in cells and release less energy than aerobic respiration.

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13
Q

Lactic acid.

A

An end product of anaerobic respiration in animals; also known as lactate.

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14
Q

Ethanol

A

An end product of anaerobic respiration in plants; a form of alcohol.

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15
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

Organisms that can respire only anaerobically (in the absence of oxygen)

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16
Q

Organism

A

Living thing

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17
Q

Species

A

A group of living organisms capable of interbreeding with each other but not with members of other species.

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18
Q

Population

A

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at a particular time.

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19
Q

Community

A

More than one population living in the same area at a particular time.

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20
Q

Ecosystem

A

Communities of organisms that interact with each other and their environment.

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21
Q

Ecology

A

The study of ecosystems

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22
Q

Producer

A

Organism at the base of the food chain that does not need to feed on other organisms; also known as an autotroph.

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23
Q

Decomposers

A

Organisms that break down organic matter into inorganic materials.

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24
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.

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25
Q

Consumer

A

Organism that relies on other organisms for its food; also known as a heterotroph

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26
Q

Herbivores

A

Animals that eats only plants.

27
Q

Primary consumer

A

The first consumer in a food chain; also known as a first-order consumer.

28
Q

Carnivores

A

An animal that eats other animals.

29
Q

Omnivores

A

Animal that eats plants and other animals.

30
Q

Detritivores

A

Animal that feeds on and breaks down dead plant or animal matter.

31
Q

Ecological niche

A

The position of a species or population in its ecosystem in relation to each other.

32
Q

Competition

A

The struggle among organisms for food, territory and other factors.

33
Q

Parasitism

A

An interaction in which one species (the parasite) lives in or on another species(the host) from which it obtains food, shelter and other requirements.

34
Q

Mutualism

A

Relationship between two different organisms in which both benefit.

35
Q

Commensalism

A

Relationship between organisms where one benefits and the other is unaffected.

36
Q

Interspecific competiton

A

Competition between organisms of the same species

37
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

Competition between organisms of different species.

38
Q

Predator-prey relationship

A

Relationship between organisms in which one species (the predator) kills and eats another species (the prey).

39
Q

Symbiotic relationships

A

Very close relationship between two organisms of different species. It may benefit or harm one of the partners.

40
Q

Producers

A

Organism at the base of the food chain that does not need to feed on other organisms; also known as an autotroph

41
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.

42
Q

Chemosynthetic

A

Describes organisms that produce organic material using energy released from chemical reactions rather than light.

43
Q

Food chains

A

Diagram that shows how the energy stored in one organism is passed to another.

44
Q

Food webs

A

Diagram showing several food chains joined together to demonstrate that animals eat more than one type of food.

45
Q

Trophies level

A

A level within a food chain, food web or food pyramid.

46
Q

First order

A

Organism that is within the second trophies level of a food chain (herbivores); also known as a primary consumer.

47
Q

Primary consumers

A

The first consumer in the food chain; also known as the first-order consumer.

48
Q

Second-order

A

Organism that is within the third trophies level of a food chain (carnivores); also known as a secondary consumer

49
Q

Secondary consumers

A

The second consumer in a food chain; also known as a second order consumer

50
Q

Energy pyramid

A

A presentation of a level of food energy at each level within a food chain.

51
Q

Pyramid of numbers

A

A representation of the population, or number of organisms, at each level within a food chain.

52
Q

Pyramid of biomass

A

A representation of the dry mass of organisms at each level within a food chain.

53
Q

Birth rate

A

The number of organisms within a population that are born within a particular period of time.

54
Q

Death rate

A

The number of organisms within a population that die within a particular period of time.

55
Q

Immigration

A

The number of individuals moving into an area

56
Q

Emigration

A

The number of individuals leaving an area.

57
Q

Exponential growth

A

A rapid increase in number or size, represented by a J-shaped graph.

58
Q

Sigmoid

A

The shape of graph that shows a population increasing in number then reaching plateau.

59
Q

Equilibrium

A

A state in which conditions are balanced and there is neither growth nor a decrease in number; also known as steady state or plateau phase.

60
Q

Zero population growth

A

The point at which birth and death rates balance each other out.

61
Q

Carrying capacity

A

The maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain.

62
Q

Symbiosis

A

Parasitic one organism (host) is harmed for example fleas on a dog.

63
Q

Mutualism

A

This is when both organisms benefit, for example crocodiles and birds. Croc opens mouth bird cleans the teach, the Crocodile gets clean teach and the bird gets food

64
Q

Comensialism

A

One benefits whereas one does not

Science (5 decks)

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