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Biology > Ecosystem > Flashcards

Ecosystem Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define:

ecosystem

A

Where living and non-lining (biotic and abiotic) are found and interact with each other

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2
Q

What is a community?

A

Where populations of different species live and interact

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3
Q

Name 3 biotic factors that populations include:

A

Producers (autotrophs)
Consumers(heterotrophs)
Decomposers (saprophytes)

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4
Q

What are primary consumers?

A

Herbivores or omnivores

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5
Q

What are secondary consumers?

A

Carnivores, omnivores and scavengers

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6
Q

What are tertiary consumers?

A

Carnivores

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7
Q

What is the function of bacteria and fungi?

A

They are decomposers

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8
Q

What is predation?

A

One species, the predator, hunts kills and eats its prey

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9
Q

True/False

Predation is a density dependent factor

A

True

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10
Q

Define competition

A

When two or more individuals want the same resource

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11
Q

True/False

Competition is a density independent factor

A

False

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12
Q

What is intraspecific competition?

A

Competition between the same species

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13
Q

What is interspecific competition?

A

Where two individuals of different species compete. This occurs when the two niches are very similar

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14
Q

What is competitive exclusion?

A

Where the winner excludes the loser and the loser has to leave

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15
Q

What is resource partitioning?

A

Two species that co-existing in the same habitat and use the same resources BUT only is if they occupy different niches

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16
Q

Mark-recapture technique:

What is the formula?

A

Estimated pop.=(number of marked in fist catch x total in second catch)~ number marked in second catch
*~= divided by

17
Q

Simple sampling:

What is the formula?

A

Total no. of plants/ animals in pop.= no. of plants/ animals in sample x [habitat size~sample size]
*~= divided by

18
Q

What primary factors will decrease population over time?

A

Mortality

Emigration

19
Q

What primary factors will increase population over time?

A

Natality

Immigration

20
Q

What is a carrying capacity?

A

The maximum number of individuals that a particular area can support at a particular time.

21
Q

What is environmental resistance?

A

The sum of the factors that come into play when the population reaches its carrying capacity of an area. They prevent further increase in population size, and keep the numbers within the carrying capacity

22
Q

Name the 5 examples of environmental resistance factors?

A 
Competition for food
Competition for space 
Competition for mating partners
Competition for shelter 
Parasitism and disease
23
Q

What are density dependent factors?

A

The effect of factors when the population numbers are high

24
Q

What are density independent factors?

A

They are factors that are unrelated to the amount of individuals there are. E.g fire, flood

Biology (8 decks)

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