Economy under Alexander II and III

Question 1

What was The economy like in the 1860s

Answer 1

.State-run factories
manufacturing essential goods for military
.Domestic craft
based products Carried out by peasants in home for example weaving
Artels-leather and metals for local domestic market

Question 2

Methods Alexander the second used for industrialisation

Answer 2

Alexander began the process of industrialisation by expanding in new and old areas was done by mostly foreign expertise
for example the British and helping the textile industry John Hughes from Wales demonstrated how to use iron and steel
the noble brothers have the oil industry in the Caucasus region
and in 1866 to 1881 the number of railways quadrupled

Question 3

Alexander the third in the 1880s -economy

Answer 3

Alexander the third rejected Western ideas but push for industrial and economic growth 
the problem was there was no entrepreneurial middle-class to lay the groundwork for progressing  industry

Question 4

Sergie witte

Answer 4

It was the scale industry he brought to bear it was the ability to create a climate conducive to to industrial development That gave Russia industry its impetus

Question 5

What 6s did witte put in place

Answer 5

1)State-sponsored development of heavy industry and railways
2) foreign loans investment and expertise
3)High tariffs on foreign goods
4)Ruble to the gold standard
5)Raise tax
6)Exports of grain


Question 6

State sponsored development of heavy industry

Answer 6

Real ways to boost market railways booted metallurgical and call industries by 1890s 60% of all iron and steel was consumed by railways he also invested in private industries
More railways means more transportation of goods which are boosted the market

Question 7

Foreign land investment and expertise

Answer 7

Criticised for relying on foreign expertise
all the time
intrapreneurial businessmen began to emerge
negotiate huge loans and encourage foreign companies engineers and experts to contribute their commercial and technical logical expertise

Question 8

High tariffs on foreign goods

Answer 8

Protected domestic industries against foreign competition and him and less money flowed out of Russia

Question 9

Ruble to the gold standard

Answer 9

1897 a provided an added security for Farrah and Busters

Question 10

Raise tax

Answer 10

Inc indirect tax on items and this increased grain export

Question 11

Was witte successful

Answer 11

Between 1890 and 1900s9% growth and his great spurt in the 1900s
In 1899 there was an international recession
in 1903 which he was dismissed
he prioritised heavy industry of a light industry and
had to pay off huge foreign debts
the working conditions were bad
he did not pay attention to agriculture commodities for ordinary people went up 
the Japanese war in the 1905 revolution

Question 12

When was the peasants land bank

Answer 12

In 1883 and was set up to help peasants buy land

Question 13

What had the Crimean war

Answer 13

Military was insufficient and it revealed inconsistencies in the Regim
And a strong industrial base we needed to supply the military with equipment

Question 14

Criticisms of witted policies 

Answer 14

1) The interest rates to sell foreign debt was very high and a major drain on resources by 1920% of the budget was used to pay on foreign debt
2) he prioritised heavy industry or a light industry
3)
He neglected agriculture which suffered from underinvestment
4) prioritise industrial environment over the welfare of the population working conditions were poor this created social discontent strikes and general interest
4)
He failed to develop a market in consumer products that would’ve made life more tolerable for ordinary people high tariffs on for agricultural machinery

Question 15

How fast did industrial production grow

Answer 15

6% until 1914

Question 16

Was Russia forth largest producer of coal an iron

Answer 16

Yeh

Question 17

Economy-inconsistencies

Answer 17

The focus on military meant no production for agricultural tools

Question 18

Why was the pressure on agriculture

Answer 18

Because of a growing population and yields 

Question 19

Why did agriculture not change during the 1860s and 1880s

Answer 19

Because of Conservative me is it made it harder for enterprising peasants to make arable decisions
Continue using outdated methods such as the strip systems

Question 20

Change and geographical variations to do with agriculture

Answer 20

Some peasants were taking advantage of the market inland that had opened up as a result of emancipation
Aided by the peasants land bank in 1883
By 1905 27% of land land land have been past the peasantry
By 1913 peasants owned up to 66% of arable land

Question 21

Why was the central agriculture region that production was the weakest

Answer 21

Amount of land received by each peasants household after emancipation was less than previously found the communes were Conservative and his back with agricultural methods the huge increase in population

Question 22

Methods and approaches for agriculture

Answer 22

Increasing urbanisation and improved transport also affected areas near large cities and towns such as Odessa

Question 23

Stolypn agrarian reforms

Answer 23

Stolypn in who became prime minister in 1906 thought that peasants prosperity was key to the political stability and thought his land reforms would transform the country into a stable and prosperous
you identified paralysed personal initiative as the problems he’s reforms carried out from 1906 1911

Question 24

What was his reforms Stolle pins

Answer 24

H peasants to leave the commune to consolidate the strip farms into a single unit
reduce the power of the Mir redistribute the land of some nobles help go-ahead peasants to buy alarm from less enterprising peasants and create larger and more efficient farms

Question 25

The Stolypn separators

Answer 25

There are people who separated from the commune go on a 10% left

Question 26

Social change in 1880 to 1914

Answer 26

The pace of economic changes reflecting on the social upheaval which Russia underwent in the period

Question 27

I was an important factor a rapid social change

Answer 27

Increase in the population