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Ferdinand & Isabella > Economy > Flashcards

Economy Flashcards

1
Q

What was crown expenditure on?

A
  • court
  • ambassadors
  • militia
  • marriage alliances
  • armaments
  • wars
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2
Q

What were the main sources of income?

A
  • alcabala
  • cruzada
  • other forms of taxation
  • seizing from expelled jews and moriscos
  • reconquista
  • juros
  • papal grants
  • tithes
  • indulgences
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3
Q

Revenue from cruzada by 1504?

A

112 million

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4
Q

Income in 1477?

A

27 million maravedis mainly from the alcabala tax

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5
Q

How much did military expenses amount to?

A

over 500 million maravedis during 1495 to 1504 - 2 expeditions to Naples cost 454 million maravedis and militia was around 80 million maravedis.

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6
Q

How much was received in papal grants

A

800 million maravedis (still did not cover the cost of war).

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7
Q

Cost of Catherine of Aragon’s journey to England?

A

60 million maravedis

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8
Q

What was the interest rate on juros and what did this accumulate to by 1516?

A

10% interest that resulted in a cost of 131 million maravedis by 1516.

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9
Q

How much was being spent on court and ambassadors by 1504?

A

35 million maravedis

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10
Q

How were the Catalans not treated as equals?

A
  • the Mesta refused to collaborate with them as their rivals, the Genoese, had more to offer
  • weren’t invited to trade fairs at Medina del Campo
  • new world was primarily dominated by Castile
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11
Q

How did the crown attempt to counteract the impact of the expulsion of conversos?

A

Published edicts in 1484 inviting foreign workers to live and work in Spain tax-free for 10 years.

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12
Q

How did F&I encourage trade?

A

Granted licences for commercial voyages to all those who had financial independence, particularly foreign merchants.

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13
Q

What was the crisis in agriculture?

A

Focus on sheep farming led to the negligence of the arable sector. The grain shortages meant that by 1506, Spain was largely dependant on wheat imports. F&I were reluctant to encourage this industry as it was expensive and they wished to focus on military campaigns.

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14
Q

Who directed the council of finance?

A

Alonso de Quintanilla

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15
Q

Revenue increase from 1470 to 1504?

A

Increased from 800 000 maravedis to 22 million.

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16
Q

What percentage of income was from extraordinary taxation?

A

70% during the latter part of Isabella’s reign - this had previously stood at 30%.

17
Q

Examples of ordinary taxes?

A
  • alcabala
  • customs duties
18
Q

Examples of extraordinary taxes?

A
  • cruzada (initially but became more of a constant as the war waged on)
  • papal grants
  • military orders
  • hermandades
  • cortes
19
Q

What percentage of the populace owned 97% of the land?

A

3%

20
Q

When were F&I allowed to collect Tithes?

A

1501

21
Q

What was the ransom raised by rabbis in Andalusia?

A

300 000

22
Q

Who did F&I promote to senior positions on the royal council in 1500?

A

Presidents of the Mesta.

23
Q

What was the Law of Land Lease and when was it issued?

A

Passed in 1501, it granted the Mesta the right to use, in perpetuity and at fixed rents, any land it had once used as pasture. This worsened the crisis in agriculture.

24
Q

The alcabala made up roughly how much of the crown’s income?

A

80-90%

25
Q

How much of the crown’s income was from Castile?

A

2/3

26
Q

Number of fortresses in 1492 compared to 1474?

A

1474 - 70
1492 - 160

27
Q

How much was spent on ambassadors in the last 10 years of Isabella’s reign?

A

75 million maravedís

28
Q

How much was generated form the sale of slaves in Malaga?

A

56 million maravedis

29
Q

How much was received from the Santa Hermandad?

A

32 million maravedis per annum

30
Q

How much income was received from Jewish communities as a result of the expulsion?

A

58 million maravedis between 1482 and 1491.

31
Q

Was the economy managed effectively?

A

Were heavily reliant on extraordinary incomes of taxation which were not sustainable, however, the monarchs avoided bankruptcy throughout their reign so although their economic legacy was poor, the economy was managed adequately enough that they could survive without any major problem.

Ferdinand & Isabella (12 decks)

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