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German History > economics quiz > Flashcards

economics quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

The French Indemnity of 1871 was …

A

Money demanded by Germany at the end of the Franco-Prussian War

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2
Q

The German economy grew by … each year until 1873

A

5%

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3
Q

Between … (1800s) there was a world trade recession

A

1873 and 1896

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4
Q

Between 1890 and 1914, Germany’s industrial production …

A

Tripled

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5
Q

In 1875, there were 8 cartels in Germany. By 1911, there were…

A

600

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6
Q

By 1914, the German merchant marine was …

A

Half the size of Britain’s merchant fleet

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7
Q

By the early 1900s, Germany was producing … of the world’s chemical dyes.

A

three quarters

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8
Q

By 1913, Germany controlled half the world’s trade in …

A

Electricals

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9
Q

Which German companies were famous in the field of electricals?

A

Siemens, AEG

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10
Q

What percentage of the German population worked in agriculture by 1907?

A

35%

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11
Q

In 1899, Loewe rebuilt his Berlin factory using …

A

American mass production techniques

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12
Q

In 1870, there were more science graduates from Munich University than from …

A

All the English universities combined

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13
Q

Between 1890 and 1914, Germany experienced a period of relatively … economic performance with …

A

good, low inflation and low unemployment

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14
Q

Productivity during the WW1…

A

fell by 4% a year

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15
Q

By 1919, the Reichsmark was worth…

A

20% less than its pre-war value

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16
Q

As part of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany lost which coal producing region to France for 15 years?

A

The Saar

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17
Q

By 1921, unemployment in Britain was 17%. In Germany, it was …

A

2%

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18
Q

When did Germany fall behind with reparation payments, leading to French occupation of the Ruhr?

A

Jan 1923

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19
Q

What action did Chancellor … take in response to the French occupation?

A

Cuno, organised a passive resistance campaign

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20
Q

Who did Stresemann appoint as the new Reich Currency Commissioner and head of the Reichsbank in August 1923?

A

Hjalmar Schacht

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21
Q

What name was given to the new currency introduced in November 1923?

A

Rentenmark

22
Q

The new currency exchange rate between Papiermark and Rentenmark was set at…

A

one new mark to one trillion old marks

23
Q

German currency

A

Gold mark (1871-1914) -> Papiermark (1914-1923) -> Rentenmark (1923-1924 -> Reichsmark (1924-1948) -> Deutschmark (1948-2002)

24
Q

The Dawes Plan was replaced in 1929 by the …

A

The Young plan

25
Q

As a result of the changes made by the Dawes Plan, by 1926 …

A

Inflation fell to zero but unemployment was 20%

26
Q

Under a new reparations plan (Young?) agreed in 1929, …

A

Reparations were reduced by 75%

27
Q

Output reached pre-war levels in …

A

1927

28
Q

To deal with the economic crisis in 1930, Chancellor Bruning …

A

Introduced a policy of austerity (the hunger chancellor)

29
Q

Unemployment peaked in 1932 at …

A

6 million

30
Q

Chancellor Bruning achieved one notable success in 1932 when he …

A

Negotiated an end to reparations

31
Q

Hitler’s regime reduced unemployment in the early 1930s by … (4 points)

A
  • Increased spending on public works programmes
  • Pushed women out of employment
  • Introduced conscription
  • Introduced a Reich Labour Service (RAD)
32
Q

Hitler wanted to create a Wehrwirtschaft, meaning …

A

Defence economy

33
Q

Despite Schacht’s economic improvements, economic problems remained, for example …

A

The balance of payments was in deficit
Food prices rose, eroding real wages

34
Q

In August 1936, a Four-Year Plan was established … (3 goals)

A
  • To ensure autarky (self sufficient)
  • To develop ersatz materials (substitute goods)
  • That set targets for output
35
Q

By 1939, despite the Four Year Plan, …

A

Germany still imported a third of all raw materials

36
Q

The Office of the Four Year Plan was headed by …

A

Goering

37
Q

The first Minister of Armaments & Munitions appointed in March 1940 was …

A

Todt

38
Q

Forced labourers were estimated to be …

A

Up to 80% les productive than German workers

39
Q

Life expectancy for an Auschwitz labourer was estimated at …

A

Three months

40
Q

Speer improved the war economy by …(4)

A
  • Establishing a Central Planning Board
  • Increasing the standardisation of equipment
  • Introducing female conscription
  • Reducing the manufacture of unnecessary goods
41
Q

What was achieved by Speer within six months of his appointment? (2 points)

A
  • Armaments production rose by 50%
  • Ammunition production by 97%
42
Q

Which of the following helped the Western zones rebuild their economy after 1945?

A
  • The introduction of a new currency in 1948
  • The Marshall Plan
  • Creation of Bizonia and then Trizonia
43
Q

In the 1950s what did the FRGs’ GNP growth rate peak at?

A

Over 8% per annum

44
Q

Which of the following factors helped the FRG to achieve an ‘economic miracle’? (5)

A
  • It included the traditionally industrial Ruhr region
  • Marshall Aid
  • The Korean War
  • Refugees from the East
  • Modernisation of factories destroyed by bombings
45
Q

What laws for economic development were passed in the 1950s? (3)

A

1951: Investment Aid Law
1951: Codetermination Law
1952: The ECSC

46
Q

When were the post war recessions?

A

1965 (minor) 1974 (serious)

47
Q

During the 1970s, SPD led governments looked to broaden economic opportunities by…

A
  • Increasing spending on job creation schemes
  • Increasing the social housing budget by a third
  • introducing a new Factory law to benefit workers
48
Q

The currency union of 1990 established an exchange rate of …

A

One Deutschmark for one Ostmark

49
Q

When, why and how much was the Soli tax?

A

March 1991, a new 7.5% tax was introduced to help pay the costs of reunification.

50
Q

Which of the following economic consequences were felt in the former DDR by 1991? (6)

A
  • Real income rose by 28%
  • 175,000 new businesses were founded
  • Women who had relied on state childcare lost employment
  • GNP declined by over 13% in 1990
    and by 20% in 1991
  • There was a mass exodus of younger people to the West
  • An ‘Eastern Recovery Programme’ was established

German History (8 decks)

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