economic world case study uk

Question 1

Causes of economic change in the UK - deindustrialisation

Answer 1

deindustrialisation and the decline of the UK’s industry – fewer jobs are available in manufacturing.

Question 2

Causes of economic change in the UK
* Globalisation

Answer 2

• Globalisation – a lot of manufacturing has moved oversea, where labour costs are lower, though HQ of manufacturing companies have remained in the UK. Trade with other countries is an important part of UK GDP.

Question 3

Causes of economic change in the UK
government policies

Answer 3

• Government policies – decisions on investment in infrastructure and technology and support for businesses (e.g. tax breaks) affect how well the economy grows.

Membership in groups like theWorld Trade Organisation make it easier for companies to operate across the world.

Question 4

Moving towards a post-industrial economy

Answer 4

Tertiary and quaternary industries are growing. In 2011, they employed 81% of the UK’s workforce.

• Services – e.g. retail (employs 4.4 million people), entertainment and personal services (hairdressers).

Question 5

Moving towards a post-industrial
economy. IT

Answer 5

IT – Over 60,000 people are employed in IT by
companies like Microsoft or IBM.

Question 6

Moving towards a post-industrial
economy. finance

Answer 6

Finance – London, especially, is home to many global financial institutions. Some, like HSBC, have their HQ in the UK.

Question 7

Moving towards a post-industrial
economy. research

Answer 7

Research – Research and development is increasing, making use of university graduates. In 2013, nearly £30 billion was spent on R&D in the UK.

Question 8

science and buisness parks

Answer 8

Science and Business Parks:
Quaternary industries are found here.
1) On the outskirts of cities near to good transport links e.g. motorways.
2) Close to housing to accommodate workforce.
3) New universities that research businesses in science parks can have access to, allowing them to develop cutting edge technology.

Question 9

Cambridge Science Park

Answer 9

founded by Trinity College in 1970 is the oldest in the uk.
* It is a concentration of science and technology related businesses, has strong links with Cambridge.

is home to more than 100 businesses - lots of areas of expertise such as medical, IT and environmental.
* There is a large range of services on site to help the people who work in the Park. include recycling facilities and landscaping to attract more wildlife to the area.

Question 10

Cambridge Science Park location

Answer 10

It is close to Cambridge University for educated graduates.
* Can attract a good workforce as it is an attractive place to live with open spaces and excellent shopping.
* Close to major transport links e.g. airports and M25.

Question 11

Impacts Cambridge Science Park

Answer 11

Impacts
* Hi-technology provides jobs – they employ ¼ of workers in Cambridge.
* Other companies have developed to supply the hi-technology with equipment, services etc. These companies also create employment: multiplier effect.

• The city has become overcrowded making it difficult to drive or park
• House prices are high and still rising

Question 12

An example of how modern industrial development can be more environmentally sustainable:

Answer 12

jaguar landrover. a new factory in wolverhampton in 2014 and built the plant sustainably. it uses natural cooling and natural light to reduce energy use.

solar panels on the roof provide 30% of energy needed in the factory - it is south facing to maximise energy generations
almost all waste from the factory is being recycled.

rainwater from the roof is used in the factory reducing pressure on other water sources. workers and suppliers are sourced within a 50 mile radius where possible to reduce carbon emmissions

bike lockers to encourage workers to cycle to work

Question 13

UK transport network

Answer 13

-Roads capacity on motorways is being increased with extra lanes

-Railways crossrail will increase central London rail capacity by 10% when it opens fully allows faster Japanese between major English cities

-Airports. UK government has agreed that a new runway is needed in Heathrow Airport. However, this will cause a noise and air pollution is an increase greenhouse gas

-Ports global hub for trade

Question 14

UK forming economic and political links

Answer 14

European Union, political partnership of 27 countries put the UK left the EU in 2020

The Commonwealth is an association of 54 states permits cooperation between member countries through trade aid sport

Question 15

UK, and wider world

Answer 15

Trade, the UK treats globally and overseas exports are worth over 160 billion per year

Culture the U.K.’s strong creative industries mean that culture is exposed worldwide. Shaun the sheep made by people in Britain is shown in 170 country is an immigration has helped shape the U.K.’s culture.

Transport, the channel tunnel links UK to France, providing a route to mainland Europe

Electronic communications telephones and the Internet make it easier for people in the UK to communicate with people in other countries, the transatlantic cables link Europe with the USA

Question 16

Population decline south lakeland is Cumbria

Answer 16

Cumbria is a rural country in Northwest England

Population of decrease by 0.8%, partly due to decline in jobs, agriculture and manufacturing are big industries and they are both in deline

The population decline has economic impacts in Barrow shop, such as game station have closed this affects employment and the local economy

I don’t have a social impacts younger people have left leave and a half portion of old people which puts a strain on medical services and social care

Question 17

Population growth North Somerset

Answer 17

Somerset is a mainly rural area population has increased by 7.8% because people have easy access to the centre of Bristol.

This has economic impacts house prices in the area. Rose pricing out some locals employment and wages are above the national average.

What is social impacts roads are congested with commuters and some services are oversubscribed

Question 18

north and south divide

Answer 18

Wages are generally lower in the north and the south. The weekly wage in Huddersfield is 40% lower than London in 2014.

Health is generally Waze in the north life expectancy for males, babies, born in Glasgow with 72.6 but East Dorset was 82.9

Education GCSE results of generally better in the south of England and they are in the north

Question 19

Devolving more powers

Answer 19

Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland government
This allows them to use more money on scheme or regeneration project that they think will benefit the local community better for example, transport, or regeneration project.

Question 20

Creating enterprise zones

Answer 20

Around 50 enterprise zones have been creators

Companies get a range of benefits for locating an enterprise zones such as reduce taxes simply planning rules financial benefits and improved infrastructure is

These measures can encourage companies are located in areas of high employment, bringing jobs in income, which could help the north-south divide

Question 21

Example of enterprise zone

Answer 21

Sheffield city region

Projects which have been set up, include the

McLaren composite technology Centre - call manufacturers. McLaren worked with researchers from the University of Sheffield to build facilities disco bring 100 million into the local economy.

Great. Yorkshire way. - I made a new Rose is being built to connect Sheffield city region with Doncaster to make it easier for people to travel.

Question 22

The northern powerhouse

Answer 22

It is the government plan to reduce inequalities by attracting investment is the north and improving transport links. The plan includes working to extend the coverage of broadband spending 70 million on school

It has been criticised for being more of a concept of natural plant city is also pointed out that if it’s in Manchester and ignores all the small towns

Question 23

Science parks They have grown because:

Answer 23

They have grown because:
1) Large, growing demand for high-tech products.
2) The UK has a large number of strong research universities for businesses on science parks
3) Clusters of related businesses in one place can boost each other