Economic futures in the UK - section b Flashcards
List causes of industrial change
de-industrialization and decline of traditional industrial base, globalisation and government policies
Increase in tertiary (services) because of decline (1970’s/80’s following coal mining industry because of increase competition abroad) in manufacturing (secondary industry) meaning less available jobs in that sector
Causes of industrialization in the UK
NEE’s like China opened their countries to global business in the 1980’s as a result many UK firms decided to move to there.
This could be because the UK and EU have strict laws for environmental pollution therefore makes it expensive to make products here.
Occurred in 1970’s/80’s which meant that industries such as coal have shut down as firms found cheaper labour and land abroad
Give on political, environmental, social and economic challenge found in Sheffield due to deindustrialisation
Social- unemployment
Economic- local businesses shut down, lost ties with large investors and businesses
Political- paying people benefits- long term cannot afford
Environmental- derelict buildings/factories polluting environment
Why did Sheffield fall into decline
Loss of cities steel industry, outsourced by china
How is the UK moving towards a post-industrial economy
Development of information technology, service industries, finance, research, science and business parks
expand on how information technology has helped us move towards a post-industrial economy
IT has developed hugely + has altered the type and location of jobs and businesses in the UK. Many businesses can be described as footloose
What is a post-industrial economy
a period of growth within an industrialised economy in which manufacturing reduces and services, information and research grows.
How can being footloose help a business
can globalise their business and people can work from home= flexible
created 66% of jobs that didn’t use to exist- creativity
efficient
easier to advertise and grow business
however important information can be hacked and leaked, machines can take over human jobs
what do financial services account for
10% of UK’s GDP, employs over 2 million people
Benefits of the Cambridge science park
Land is less costly than in the cities and transport routes such as M11 links the park with London. New conference centre- attracts huge businesses. 1200 technology firms are now based around the Cambridge area, employing 35,000 people.
International companies such as Phillips provides local employments
Works closely with Cambridge university- gives science parks the very best academic minds
Potential issues created by building science parks like these
Popular places to live and work, as demand grows the housing prices could increase- low paid workers and less skilled workers are priced out of desirable areas
puts pressure on green belt land- could expand into city- urban sprawl
How many cars are made in the UK every year
1.5 million
car industry is one of the few large scale manufacturing industries left in the UK
What environmental issues are there with industries?
Industrial waste- disposal of cars end up on scrap heap
Air pollution- burning petrol or diesel causes air pollution and breathing problems
Resource exploitation- manufacturing and transporting resources (steel, rubber, glass and plastic) uses energy
Energy use- 31% industrial, components for car industry goes towards final product- air pollution from these factories
22% residential personal use
Give example of how modern industrial development can be more environmentally friendly
Jaguar landrover
Wolverhampton engine plant
What is carbon offsetting
A program in which a company reduces/offsets its carbon emissions through finding activities and projects that improve the environment
What is sustainable about Jaguars projects
improving efficiency and reducing co2 emissions - high efficiency diesel engines and extensive use of light weight and recyclable materials
future- creating hybrid and electric vehicles- have produced a prototype of the full electric car
What is sustainable about the Wolverhampton engine plant
building orrientated to enable maximum production of solar panel energy
5.5 million kilowatts of energy produced
utilizes companies within a 50 mile radius- minimizes travel distance and air pollution
120,000 L water tank underground which is reused and recycled
Example of a rural area experiencing population growth
Coggeshall- Essex
reasons for pop growth in Coggeshall
village has road links along the A120 to nearby major settlements
location in rural area= inviting community
train service from nearby Kelvedon gets commuters into London in 40 mins
positives and negatives on pop growth in Cogeshall
+=historical buildings an sites get enough income to remain open, local businesses are thriving, local services used by growing pop so are of a high standard
-=air pollution levels increases, new residents unaware of local cultures or events, historic families of village priced out due to rising housing prices caused by demands.
Example of rural area experiencing population decline
Wheathampstead in Hertfordshire
Reasons for pop decline in Wheathamstead
Young people leaving for better opportunities
Employers find it hard to recruit labour, less investment, businesses close down
competition with larger shops
How can we tackle growth
green belt land
strict planning rules
allowing local businesses to thrive
How can we tackle decline
Build an integrated transport system for commuters -accessible
give opportunities to locals, previous council homes turned to private ones and sold cheaper to locals first
How to resolve regional differences (north and south divide)
Government have agreed devolution measures- giving powers to regional governments
eg- election of Mayor for Greater Manchester who has been given £1 billion of developed funds to spend on improving the city and attracting new businesses- fewer decisions made in London and more made by the people and local council.
Professional jobs to be created in North. Popularity of university’s such as Manchester and Leeds have encouraged and BBC built MediaCityUK in Manchester and moved its offices there in 2011- multiplier effect has caused other businesses to build there to.
