Case study of LIC/NEE - section b Flashcards
Where is Nigeria found
Western parts of Africa on the Gulf of New Guinea, West of Benin and South of Niger
What is the global importance of Nigeria
Nigeria is a NEE
In 2014 it became the worlds 21st largest economy and is predicted by 2050 to be in the top 20
12th largest producer of oil, much of recent economic growth is based on money made from oil.
Predicted to have the highest GDP growth for 2010-15-
5th largest contributor to UN peacekeeping around the world
How has politics shaped development?
in 1960’s many African countries gained independence from European nations, short term is lead to civil war and dictatorship, in long term it resulted in free and fair elections- stable government- resulted in foreign companies starting to invest
Social context of Nigeria
Nigeria is a multi ethnic and multi faith. Diversity is a strength but also a weakness- 1960’s civil war
Economic inequality between North and South led to ethnic and religious tensions
Cultural context of Nigeria
Own music and Cinema called ‘Nollywood’
2nd largest film production industry in the world
Nigerian football teams have won the African cup of nations 3 times and several Nigerians have played in the premier league
How has manufacturing industry stimulated economic development
A primary production drop of 30% shows how the country is developing to convert raw materials into products. A rise in tertiary sector could suggest that there is an increase in trade and their economy is becoming more commercial this provided more jobs- manufacturing
What is the tertiary sector
Commercial services that support the production and distribution process eg- transport, advertising and teaching- shows an increase in education
What does TNC stand for
transnational corporations, and its when a company operates in more than one country
Role of TNC’s in relation to industrial development
Regular paid work gives people a secure income to improve their own lives, the tax in the country increases therefore the country can afford to develop.
Many of the manufactured goods are available for people to buy
Attracts other foreign companies to establish and invest in Nigeria- creates more jobs, more factories= more skilled work force
Investment in infrastructure eg- new roads
Why do TNC’s often have factories in LIC’s
The labour is cheaper
Advantages of TNC’s in the host country
Creation of jobs
Stable income- more reliable than farming
improved education and skills
a better developed economic base for the country
Disadvantages of TNS’s in the host country
poor working conditions
damage to the environment by ignoring local laws
much of the profit goes to companies overseas rather than locals
factories are often footloose and if labour costs increase they could move somewhere else
over exploit natural resources
What does footloose mean
An industry that can be placed and located at any location without effect from factors such as resources, services or transport. Often make use of technology to make them so mobile
What types of aid are there
Emergency or short term aid
Charitable aid
Long term or development aid
Multilateral aid
Emergency or short term aid
Needed after sudden disasters such as the 2000 Mozambique floods or the 2004 Asian Tsunami
Charitable aid
Funded by donations from the public through organisations such as OXFAM
Long term or development aid
Involves providing local communities with education and skills for sustainable development, usually through organisations such as Practical Action
Multilateral aid
Given through international organisations such as the world bank rather than by one specific country
Why does Nigeria receive aid
They have limited access to water, health and education services and a reliable electricity supply. 60% of the population live on less than 63p a day. Birth rates and infant mortality rates are high and life expectancy low, particularly to North East parts of the country.
Where do they receive their aid from?
Most aid comes from countries like UK and USA, but organisations like the world bank and charities also provide support. They most successful aid projects are small and community based that aren’t government organisations (NGO’s) that deliver help directly to where it is needed so no money is wasted
How does Nigeria benefit from aid?
Nets for life project provides education on Malaria and gives mosquito nets to stop spread of disease
World bank funded loans to businesses to help diversify their economy away from being dependent on oil
UK government has funded health and HIV programmes to provide health and education
Why isn’t aid always used effectively in Nigeria?
Corruption in government and individuals means aid is lost or not given to the right people
There have been claims that aid money has been used to supply the navy
Donors of aid may have political influence over who does and does not benefit. They may use donations to promote themselves
How is the environment effected by economic development
industrial growth- nigeria has 5000 industrial plants and 10,000 illegal small scale industries in which pollute land and rivers by toxic waste and releases toxic fumes
Urban growth- brought challenges such as more squatter settlements, mainly in cities, services such as health and education have not kept pace with growing cities
Mineral and oil extraction- Mining can lead to pollution, oil spills have damaged freshwater and marine ecosystems leading to loss of species and unhealthy ecosystems
Effects of economic development on quality of life for the population
Nigeria has one of the highest average HDI improvements in the world over the last decade.
providing more jobs
percentage of safe water access has increased by 20%- economic development has used technology to improve water quality eg- prevent toxic leaks into supply
in 20 years the life expectancy has improved by 10 years, due to increase access to safe water and better quality housing
What has decreased in the HDI
percentage of population with access to sanitation has decreased by 10%. This could suggest the rapid expansion of the country has meant that industry has taken over the availability/access to the sanitation, made it harder for those who don’t have cars.
