Case study of LIC/NEE - section b

Question 1

Where is Nigeria found

Answer 1

Western parts of Africa on the Gulf of New Guinea, West of Benin and South of Niger

Question 2

What is the global importance of Nigeria

Answer 2

Nigeria is a NEE
In 2014 it became the worlds 21st largest economy and is predicted by 2050 to be in the top 20
12th largest producer of oil, much of recent economic growth is based on money made from oil.
Predicted to have the highest GDP growth for 2010-15-
5th largest contributor to UN peacekeeping around the world

Question 3

How has politics shaped development?

Answer 3

in 1960’s many African countries gained independence from European nations, short term is lead to civil war and dictatorship, in long term it resulted in free and fair elections- stable government- resulted in foreign companies starting to invest

Question 4

Social context of Nigeria

Answer 4

Nigeria is a multi ethnic and multi faith. Diversity is a strength but also a weakness- 1960’s civil war
Economic inequality between North and South led to ethnic and religious tensions

Question 5

Cultural context of Nigeria

Answer 5

Own music and Cinema called ‘Nollywood’
2nd largest film production industry in the world
Nigerian football teams have won the African cup of nations 3 times and several Nigerians have played in the premier league

Question 6

How has manufacturing industry stimulated economic development

Answer 6

A primary production drop of 30% shows how the country is developing to convert raw materials into products. A rise in tertiary sector could suggest that there is an increase in trade and their economy is becoming more commercial this provided more jobs- manufacturing

Question 7

What is the tertiary sector

Answer 7

Commercial services that support the production and distribution process eg- transport, advertising and teaching- shows an increase in education

Question 8

What does TNC stand for

Answer 8

transnational corporations, and its when a company operates in more than one country

Question 9

Role of TNC’s in relation to industrial development

Answer 9

Regular paid work gives people a secure income to improve their own lives, the tax in the country increases therefore the country can afford to develop.
Many of the manufactured goods are available for people to buy
Attracts other foreign companies to establish and invest in Nigeria- creates more jobs, more factories= more skilled work force
Investment in infrastructure eg- new roads

Question 10

Why do TNC’s often have factories in LIC’s

Answer 10

The labour is cheaper

Question 11

Advantages of TNC’s in the host country

Answer 11

Creation of jobs
Stable income- more reliable than farming
improved education and skills
a better developed economic base for the country

Question 12

Disadvantages of TNS’s in the host country

Answer 12

poor working conditions
damage to the environment by ignoring local laws
much of the profit goes to companies overseas rather than locals
factories are often footloose and if labour costs increase they could move somewhere else
over exploit natural resources

Question 13

What does footloose mean

Answer 13

An industry that can be placed and located at any location without effect from factors such as resources, services or transport. Often make use of technology to make them so mobile

Question 14

What types of aid are there

Answer 14

Emergency or short term aid
Charitable aid
Long term or development aid
Multilateral aid

Question 15

Emergency or short term aid

Answer 15

Needed after sudden disasters such as the 2000 Mozambique floods or the 2004 Asian Tsunami

Question 16

Charitable aid

Answer 16

Funded by donations from the public through organisations such as OXFAM

Question 17

Long term or development aid

Answer 17

Involves providing local communities with education and skills for sustainable development, usually through organisations such as Practical Action

Question 18

Multilateral aid

Answer 18

Given through international organisations such as the world bank rather than by one specific country

Question 19

Why does Nigeria receive aid

Answer 19

They have limited access to water, health and education services and a reliable electricity supply. 60% of the population live on less than 63p a day. Birth rates and infant mortality rates are high and life expectancy low, particularly to North East parts of the country.

Question 20

Where do they receive their aid from?

Answer 20

Most aid comes from countries like UK and USA, but organisations like the world bank and charities also provide support. They most successful aid projects are small and community based that aren’t government organisations (NGO’s) that deliver help directly to where it is needed so no money is wasted

Question 21

How does Nigeria benefit from aid?

Answer 21

Nets for life project provides education on Malaria and gives mosquito nets to stop spread of disease
World bank funded loans to businesses to help diversify their economy away from being dependent on oil
UK government has funded health and HIV programmes to provide health and education

Question 22

Why isn’t aid always used effectively in Nigeria?

Answer 22

Corruption in government and individuals means aid is lost or not given to the right people
There have been claims that aid money has been used to supply the navy
Donors of aid may have political influence over who does and does not benefit. They may use donations to promote themselves

Question 23

How is the environment effected by economic development

Answer 23

industrial growth- nigeria has 5000 industrial plants and 10,000 illegal small scale industries in which pollute land and rivers by toxic waste and releases toxic fumes
Urban growth- brought challenges such as more squatter settlements, mainly in cities, services such as health and education have not kept pace with growing cities
Mineral and oil extraction- Mining can lead to pollution, oil spills have damaged freshwater and marine ecosystems leading to loss of species and unhealthy ecosystems

Question 24

Effects of economic development on quality of life for the population

Answer 24

Nigeria has one of the highest average HDI improvements in the world over the last decade.
providing more jobs
percentage of safe water access has increased by 20%- economic development has used technology to improve water quality eg- prevent toxic leaks into supply
in 20 years the life expectancy has improved by 10 years, due to increase access to safe water and better quality housing

Question 25

What has decreased in the HDI

Answer 25

percentage of population with access to sanitation has decreased by 10%. This could suggest the rapid expansion of the country has meant that industry has taken over the availability/access to the sanitation, made it harder for those who don’t have cars.