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Geography > Economic development/ Nigeria > Flashcards

Economic development/ Nigeria Flashcards

1
Q

What is development?

A

Development is an improvement in living standards through better use of resources.

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2
Q

Economic development

A

Progress in economic growth through levels of industrialisation and technology.

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3
Q

Social development

A

Improvement in peoples standard of living for example clean water and electricity.

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4
Q

Environmental development

A

Involves advances in the management and protection of the environment.

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5
Q

Economic indicator examples

A
  • employment type
  • Gross domestic product per capita
  • Gross national income per capita
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6
Q

Social indicator examples

A
  • Infant mortality
  • Literacy rate
  • life expectancy
  • Human development index
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7
Q

Demographic transition model

A

shows population change over time. It studies how birth rate and death rate affect the total population of a country.
1 - high DR + BR
2 - low BR + declining DR
3 - low BR + rapid decline DR
4 - low BR + DR
5 - falling DR + low BR

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8
Q

variations in level of development

A

LICs - GNI is low and most people have a low standard of living (Africa)

NEEs - Getting richer and economy is progressing to second industry. greater exports lead to better wages (Asia)

HICs - Wealthy countries with high GNIs and standards of living (Europe)

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9
Q

natural resources affecting uneven development (physical)

A
  • fuel sources such as oil
  • minerals and metals for fuel
  • availability for timber
  • access to safe water
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10
Q

natural hazards affecting uneven development (physical)

A
  • risk of tectonic hazards
  • benefits from volcanic material
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11
Q

location affecting uneven development (physical)

A
  • landlocked countries find trade hard
  • mountains make farming difficult
  • scenery attracts tourists
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12
Q

climate affecting uneven development (physical)

A
  • reliability of rainfall to benefit farming
  • climate attracts tourists
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13
Q

Aid effects uneven development (Human)

A
  • improves services
  • too reliant on aid might stop trade links becoming established
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14
Q

Trade affects uneven development (Human)

A
  • countries that export more than import have trade surplus which improves economy
  • having good trade relationships
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15
Q

Education affecting uneven development (Human)

A
  • creates skilled workface
  • earn more money, so can pay more taxes
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16
Q

Health affecting uneven development (Human)

A
  • lack of clean water and poor healthcare means more diseases
  • people who are ill cannot work
  • more money on healthcare means less on development
17
Q

consequences of uneven development

A

wealth - people in more developed countries have higher incomes
health - better healthcare means that people in more developed countries live longer
migration - if nearby countries have higher levels of development people will move there for a better standard of living

18
Q

Microfinance Loans

A

Involves people in LICs receiving small loans from traditional banks

19
Q

Aid

A

Given by one country to another as money or resources.

20
Q

debt relief

A

when a country’s debt is cancelled or interest rates are lowered.

21
Q

fair trade

A

a movement where farmers get a fair price for the goods produces.

22
Q

Technology

A

induces tools, machines and affordable equipment that improve quality of life.

23
Q

Jamaica tourism economy

A
  • 130,000 jobs rely on tourism
  • in 2015 2.12 million visited
  • tourism contributes 27% of GDP
24
Q

Jamaica’s multiplier effect

A
  • jobs from tourism have meant more money being spent in shops and businesses.
  • Government has invested infrastructure to support tourism
25
Q

Development problems in Jamaica

A
  • Tourists do not always spend money outside of resorts
  • Infrastructure has not spread to the whole island
  • Many people still live in poor quality of housing and lack services such as healthcare
26
Q

industrial structures influencing nigerias development

A

Used to be agriculturally based but now 50% of its economy is manufacturing services, which increases employment opportunities and foreign investment.

27
Q

The role of TNCs in nigeria

A

TNCs such as Shell have played an important role in its economy
- investment has increased employment and income
- profits move to HICs unfortunately
- Oil spills have damaged environment

28
Q

environmental impacts in nigeria

A
  • oil spills devastated swamps and ecosystems
  • 80% of forest has been cut down increasing CO2 emissions
29
Q

effects of economic development in nigeria

A

Life expectancy has increased from 46 to 53 years. 64% have access to safe water. Typical schooling years has increased from 7 to 9.

30
Q

Nigeria’s aid and debt relief

A
  • receives 5 billion in aid per year, which has helped protect people against HIV
  • Some aid fails to reach people who need it due to corruption
31
Q

causes of economic change in UK

A
  • De-industrialisation and the decline of the UKs industrial base
  • Globalisation has meant many industries have moved overseas where labour costs are lower
  • Government investing in supporting vital businesses
32
Q

towards post industry
UK

A
  • The quaternary industry has increased, while the secondary industry has decreased
  • Numbers in primary and tertiary industry has stayed the same
  • increase in professional and technical jobs
33
Q

development of science parks
UK

A
  • access to transport routes
  • highly educated workers
  • attractive working conditions
  • attracts high tech businesses
34
Q

UK car industry

A
  • UK makes 1.5mil cars every year
  • factories are owned by TNC’s
  • 7% of energy used there factories from wind energy
  • More energy efficient cars
  • Nissan produces electric and hybrid cars
35
Q

Change to rural landscape

A

social:
- rising house prices mean underpopulated villages

Economic:
- lack off affordable housing
- farmland prices have increased rural unemployment
- pressures on local services

36
Q

Improvements to transport

A
  • A £15 billion road improvement strategy will involve 10 new roads and 1,600 extra lanes
  • £50bil HS2 railway to improve connections between key UK cities
  • £18bil on Heathrow’s third runway
  • large ports for importing and exporting goods
37
Q

UK North/South divide

A
  • Wages are lower in the North
  • Health is better in the south
  • Education is better in the south

-The government aims to support a Northern Powerhouse project to resolve regional differences
- More devolving of powers to disadvantaged regions

Geography (10 decks)

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