Economic development/ Nigeria

Question 1

What is development?

Answer 1

Development is an improvement in living standards through better use of resources.

Question 2

Economic development

Answer 2

Progress in economic growth through levels of industrialisation and technology.

Question 3

Social development

Answer 3

Improvement in peoples standard of living for example clean water and electricity.

Question 4

Environmental development

Answer 4

Involves advances in the management and protection of the environment.

Question 5

Economic indicator examples

Answer 5

• employment type
• Gross domestic product per capita
• Gross national income per capita

Question 6

Social indicator examples

Answer 6

• Infant mortality
• Literacy rate
• life expectancy
• Human development index

Question 7

Demographic transition model

Answer 7

shows population change over time. It studies how birth rate and death rate affect the total population of a country.
1 - high DR + BR
2 - low BR + declining DR
3 - low BR + rapid decline DR
4 - low BR + DR
5 - falling DR + low BR

Question 8

variations in level of development

Answer 8

LICs - GNI is low and most people have a low standard of living (Africa)

NEEs - Getting richer and economy is progressing to second industry. greater exports lead to better wages (Asia)

HICs - Wealthy countries with high GNIs and standards of living (Europe)

Question 9

natural resources affecting uneven development (physical)

Answer 9

• fuel sources such as oil
• minerals and metals for fuel
• availability for timber
• access to safe water

Question 10

natural hazards affecting uneven development (physical)

Answer 10

• risk of tectonic hazards
• benefits from volcanic material

Question 11

location affecting uneven development (physical)

Answer 11

• landlocked countries find trade hard
• mountains make farming difficult
• scenery attracts tourists

Question 12

climate affecting uneven development (physical)

Answer 12

• reliability of rainfall to benefit farming
• climate attracts tourists

Question 13

Aid effects uneven development (Human)

Answer 13

• improves services
• too reliant on aid might stop trade links becoming established

Question 14

Trade affects uneven development (Human)

Answer 14

• countries that export more than import have trade surplus which improves economy
• having good trade relationships

Question 15

Education affecting uneven development (Human)

Answer 15

• creates skilled workface
• earn more money, so can pay more taxes

Question 16

Health affecting uneven development (Human)

Answer 16

• lack of clean water and poor healthcare means more diseases
• people who are ill cannot work
• more money on healthcare means less on development

Question 17

consequences of uneven development

Answer 17

wealth - people in more developed countries have higher incomes
health - better healthcare means that people in more developed countries live longer
migration - if nearby countries have higher levels of development people will move there for a better standard of living

Question 18

Microfinance Loans

Answer 18

Involves people in LICs receiving small loans from traditional banks

Question 19

Aid

Answer 19

Given by one country to another as money or resources.

Question 20

debt relief

Answer 20

when a country’s debt is cancelled or interest rates are lowered.

Question 21

fair trade

Answer 21

a movement where farmers get a fair price for the goods produces.

Question 22

Technology

Answer 22

induces tools, machines and affordable equipment that improve quality of life.

Question 23

Jamaica tourism economy

Answer 23

• 130,000 jobs rely on tourism
• in 2015 2.12 million visited
• tourism contributes 27% of GDP

Question 24

Jamaica’s multiplier effect

Answer 24

• jobs from tourism have meant more money being spent in shops and businesses.
• Government has invested infrastructure to support tourism

Question 25

Development problems in Jamaica

Answer 25

- Tourists do not always spend money outside of resorts - Infrastructure has not spread to the whole island - Many people still live in poor quality of housing and lack services such as healthcare

Question 26

industrial structures influencing nigerias development

Answer 26

Used to be agriculturally based but now 50% of its economy is manufacturing services, which increases employment opportunities and foreign investment.

Question 27

The role of TNCs in nigeria

Answer 27

TNCs such as Shell have played an important role in its economy - investment has increased employment and income - profits move to HICs unfortunately - Oil spills have damaged environment

Question 28

environmental impacts in nigeria

Answer 28

- oil spills devastated swamps and ecosystems - 80% of forest has been cut down increasing CO2 emissions

Question 29

effects of economic development in nigeria

Answer 29

Life expectancy has increased from 46 to 53 years. 64% have access to safe water. Typical schooling years has increased from 7 to 9.

Question 30

Nigeria's aid and debt relief

Answer 30

- receives 5 billion in aid per year, which has helped protect people against HIV - Some aid fails to reach people who need it due to corruption

Question 31

causes of economic change in UK

Answer 31

- De-industrialisation and the decline of the UKs industrial base - Globalisation has meant many industries have moved overseas where labour costs are lower - Government investing in supporting vital businesses

Question 32

towards post industry UK

Answer 32

- The quaternary industry has increased, while the secondary industry has decreased - Numbers in primary and tertiary industry has stayed the same - increase in professional and technical jobs

Question 33

development of science parks UK

Answer 33

- access to transport routes - highly educated workers - attractive working conditions - attracts high tech businesses

Question 34

UK car industry

Answer 34

- UK makes 1.5mil cars every year - factories are owned by TNC's - 7% of energy used there factories from wind energy - More energy efficient cars - Nissan produces electric and hybrid cars

Question 35

Change to rural landscape

Answer 35

social: - rising house prices mean underpopulated villages Economic: - lack off affordable housing - farmland prices have increased rural unemployment - pressures on local services

Question 36

Improvements to transport

Answer 36

- A £15 billion road improvement strategy will involve 10 new roads and 1,600 extra lanes - £50bil HS2 railway to improve connections between key UK cities - £18bil on Heathrow's third runway - large ports for importing and exporting goods

Question 37

UK North/South divide

Answer 37

- Wages are lower in the North - Health is better in the south - Education is better in the south -The government aims to support a Northern Powerhouse project to resolve regional differences - More devolving of powers to disadvantaged regions