Ecology Test

Question 1

Competition

Answer 1

Interactions that harm both organisms
Competing for the same resources
More similar the organisms, more likely the competition

Question 2

Invasive/introduced species

Answer 2

Most will die

If they survive, no natural competitors=nothing to limit growth

Question 3

Disruptive coloration

Answer 3

Disguises the shape (eyespot patterns, flashes of color, etc)

Question 4

Group response

Answer 4

Confuses predator

-schools, packs

Question 5

Physical or morphological defense

Answer 5

• Spines, stingers, shells

- bright (warning to predator)

Question 6

Mullerian mimicry

Answer 6

All similar and all poisonous

Question 7

Batesian mimicry

Answer 7

Poisonous/harmful species are mimicked by “normal” species

Question 8

Parasitism

Answer 8

(+,_)

Parasite gets nourishment from a host

Question 9

Commensalism

Answer 9

(+, 0)

One benefits, the other unharmed

Question 10

Mutualism

Answer 10

(+,+)

-both organisms benefit

Question 11

Distribution patterns

Answer 11

• clumped (most common)
• random
• evenly dispersed (least common)

Question 12

Carrying capacity

Answer 12

of individuals that cab survive in a given area

Question 13

r strategist

Answer 13

r = growth rate

Many offspring, rapid gestation period, short lifestyle, little prenatal behavior

Question 14

K strategists

Answer 14

K= carrying capacity

Small # offspring, long gestation period, longer lifespan, more parental behaviors

Question 15

Density dependent factors for population

Answer 15

Competition for food, water, nesting locations
Predation
Parasitism and disease

Question 16

Density independent factors for population

Answer 16

Hurricane, flood, fire, human activities

Question 17

Pollution

Answer 17

Dumping of chemicals, sewage, land waste, etc

Question 18

Acid precipitation

Answer 18

Polluted air mixes with water vapor, forming precipitation with a low pH

Question 19

Sulfur dioxide + water

Answer 19

Sulfuric acid

Accumulates in lakes and in soil

Question 20

Global warming

Answer 20

Greenhouse effect
Gases: CO2, H2, CH4

energy coming in is greater than the energy going out

Melting of polar ice caps
Loss of terrestrial habitat
Change in ocean salinity
Change in global climate patterns

Question 21

Ozone depletion (O3)

Answer 21

Ozone absorbs UV radiation from sun

Use of CFC’s = hole to form in ozone layer

Increased skin cancer
Increased mutations in plants and animals

Question 22

Habitat destruction

Answer 22

Human population growth = less natural land

Fragmentation

Destroying unknown species

Question 23

Ways to limit negative human effects on environment

Answer 23

Solar energy
Plant new trees
Wind energy
Efficient cars
Natural pest control (ladybugs)
Nature preserves
Conserving resources
Hunting laws (fishing restrictions)

Question 24

Symbiosis

Answer 24

Close long term relationship between difference organisms

Question 25

Interspecific competition

Answer 25

Different species competing for same resource

Question 26

Coevolution

Answer 26

Influence of species on each other in their evolution

Question 27

Moment of truth defenses

Answer 27

Animals try to startle predators as a last chance trick

Ex. Possums play dead